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Papers Containing Tag(s): 'Census Bureau Disclosure Review Board'

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American Community Survey - 125

Disclosure Review Board - 125

Federal Statistical Research Data Center - 112

North American Industry Classification System - 110

Internal Revenue Service - 104

Longitudinal Business Database - 103

Protected Identification Key - 79

Longitudinal Employer Household Dynamics - 72

Current Population Survey - 71

Social Security Administration - 70

Center for Economic Studies - 60

National Science Foundation - 60

Bureau of Labor Statistics - 58

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Decennial Census - 56

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Economic Census - 33

2010 Census - 31

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Census Bureau Business Register - 26

Annual Survey of Manufactures - 26

Department of Housing and Urban Development - 26

Alfred P Sloan Foundation - 24

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Survey of Income and Program Participation - 24

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Survey of Business Owners - 16

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Chicago Census Research Data Center - 14

National Center for Health Statistics - 14

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International Trade Research Report - 14

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Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development - 13

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1940 Census - 12

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National Institute on Aging - 12

Postal Service - 11

University of Chicago - 11

Environmental Protection Agency - 11

ASEC - 11

Retail Trade - 11

Department of Labor - 11

Service Annual Survey - 11

Arts, Entertainment - 10

General Accounting Office - 10

Generalized Method of Moments - 10

American Economic Association - 10

Disability Insurance - 10

SSA Numident - 10

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New York University - 10

Detailed Earnings Records - 10

Cornell Institute for Social and Economic Research - 10

National Longitudinal Survey of Youth - 9

Integrated Public Use Microdata Series - 9

Supreme Court - 9

AKM - 9

NBER Summer Institute - 9

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Securities and Exchange Commission - 9

Census Bureau Person Identification Validation System - 9

Annual Survey of Entrepreneurs - 9

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Some Other Race - 9

National Institutes of Health - 9

Characteristics of Business Owners - 8

World Trade Organization - 8

National Employer Survey - 8

Health Care and Social Assistance - 8

Energy Information Administration - 8

Sloan Foundation - 8

Standard Statistical Establishment List - 8

University of Michigan - 8

Master Beneficiary Record - 8

Computer Assisted Personal Interview - 8

Social Science Research Institute - 8

American Housing Survey - 8

Indian Housing Information Center - 8

Pew Research Center - 8

Board of Governors - 8

Department of Education - 7

Educational Services - 7

Professional Services - 7

Department of Agriculture - 7

Medicaid Services - 7

MAFID - 7

Paycheck Protection Program - 7

Employment History File - 7

Social and Economic Supplement - 7

Russell Sage Foundation - 7

UC Berkeley - 7

Census Bureau Master Address File - 7

Business Formation Statistics - 7

Department of Justice - 7

European Union - 7

Financial, Insurance and Real Estate Industries - 6

Business Research and Development and Innovation Survey - 6

Business R&D and Innovation Survey - 6

Nonemployer Statistics - 6

Urban Institute - 6

Standard Occupational Classification - 6

Stanford University - 6

Centers for Medicare - 6

NUMIDENT - 6

Department of Energy - 6

Employer Characteristics File - 6

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - 6

Federal Register - 6

Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplement - 6

Duke University - 6

Journal of Economic Literature - 6

Council of Economic Advisers - 6

Statistics Canada - 6

IQR - 6

Customs and Border Protection - 6

Company Organization Survey - 6

Information and Communication Technology Survey - 6

Health and Retirement Study - 5

Management and Organizational Practices Survey - 5

Yale University - 5

Integrated Longitudinal Business Database - 5

National Establishment Time Series - 5

Agriculture, Forestry - 5

Public Administration - 5

Michigan Institute for Teaching and Research in Economics - 5

National Income and Product Accounts - 5

Federal Poverty Level - 5

Census Bureau Center for Economic Studies - 5

Center for Administrative Records Research - 5

IBM - 5

Economic Research Service - 5

Federal Insurance Contribution Act - 5

Harvard University - 5

Boston College - 5

Administrative Records - 5

National Ambient Air Quality Standards - 5

PIKed - 5

Federal Reserve Board of Governors - 5

Michigan Institute for Data Science - 5

Occupational Employment Statistics - 5

George Mason University - 5

Herfindahl-Hirschman - 5

Retirement History Survey - 5

LEHD Program - 5

North American Industry Classi - 5

MTO - 4

Initial Public Offering - 4

Survey of Industrial Research and Development - 4

University of Toronto - 4

American Immigration Council - 4

IZA - 4

United States Census Bureau - 4

Center for Administrative Records Research and Applications - 4

Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation - 4

Department of Defense - 4

Net Present Value - 4

National Academy of Sciences - 4

International Trade Commission - 4

Limited Liability Company - 4

Regression Discontinuity Design - 4

Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey - 4

Ohio State University - 4

Society of Labor Economists - 4

Princeton University - 4

Geographic Information Systems - 4

2SLS - 4

Census Bureau Business Dynamics Statistics - 4

State Energy Data System - 4

TFPR - 4

European Commission - 4

National Opinion Research Center - 4

World Bank - 4

Public Use Micro Sample - 4

Kauffman Foundation - 4

Department of Health and Human Services - 3

Longitudinal Research Database - 3

North American Free Trade Agreement - 3

Brookings Institution - 3

Toxics Release Inventory - 3

Penn State University - 3

Harvard Business School - 3

Columbia University - 3

CDF - 3

Office of Personnel Management - 3

Quarterly Journal of Economics - 3

American Economic Review - 3

Composite Person Record - 3

Business Services - 3

Bureau of Labor - 3

Department of Commerce - 3

Master Earnings File - 3

TFPQ - 3

Linear Probability Models - 3

Census of Retail Trade - 3

Current Employment Statistics - 3

Federal Trade Commission - 3

Medical Expenditure Panel Survey - 3

Journal of Econometrics - 3

Local Employment Dynamics - 3

Foreign Direct Investment - 3

COMPUSTAT - 3

University of Minnesota - 3

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality - 3

University of California Los Angeles - 3

National Research Council - 3

John Voorheis - 20

Lucia Foster - 18

John Haltiwanger - 15

John M. Abowd - 12

J. David Brown - 11

Nathan Goldschlag - 10

Sonya R. Porter - 10

Catherine Buffington - 9

Moises Yi - 9

Jonathan Eggleston - 9

Emin Dinlersoz - 9

Maggie R. Jones - 8

Kevin Rinz - 8

Fariha Kamal - 7

Cristina Tello-Trillo - 6

Randall Akee - 6

Jonathan Colmer - 6

Lawrence Warren - 6

Kevin L. McKinney - 6

Misty L. Heggeness - 6

Lars Vilhuber - 6

Zachary Kroff - 5

Nikolas Zolas - 5

Martha Stinson - 5

Thomas B. Foster - 5

Renuka Bhaskar - 5

Leah R. Clark - 5

Kendall Houghton - 5

Marta Murray-Close - 5

Nicholas Bloom - 4

Kristina McElheran - 4

Erik Brynjolfsson - 4

Teresa C. Fort - 4

Sabrina T. Howell - 4

Charles Hokayem - 4

Eva Lyubich - 4

Amanda Eng - 4

Reed Walker - 4

Gloria G. Aldana - 4

Nikolas Pharris-Ciurej - 4

Leticia Fernandez - 4

Joseph Staudt - 4

Ariel J. Binder - 4

Cheryl Grim - 4

Zoltan Wolf - 4

Jay Stewart - 4

Steven J. Davis - 3

Emilia Simeonova - 3

David Card - 3

Jesse Rothstein - 3

Peter Schott - 3

Sean Wang - 3

Seula Kim - 3

Richard Mansfield - 3

Ethan Krohn - 3

Mary Munro - 3

Jennifer Withrow - 3

Emek Basker - 3

Suvy Qin - 3

Kyle Handley - 3

Timothy R. Wojan - 3

Adela Luque - 3

Carl Lieberman - 3

Garrett Anstreicher - 3

Gale Boyd - 3

Matthew Doolin - 3

Ryan Monarch - 3

James M. Noon - 3

James P. Ziliak - 3

Parag Mahajan - 3

Sharon R. Ennis - 3

Matthew Staiger - 3

J. Daniel Kim - 3

Sarah Miller - 3

Laura Wherry - 3

Danielle H. Sandler - 3

Javier Miranda - 3

Cindy Cunningham - 3

Sabrina Wulff Pabilonia - 3

Shawn Klimek - 3

Victoria Udalova - 3

employed - 56

labor - 55

earnings - 55

employ - 54

workforce - 52

recession - 49

survey - 47

population - 44

respondent - 36

ethnicity - 36

immigrant - 32

manufacturing - 31

market - 31

employee - 31

innovation - 30

hispanic - 29

payroll - 28

minority - 28

disadvantaged - 27

economist - 27

sector - 26

revenue - 26

disparity - 26

growth - 25

industrial - 25

poverty - 24

earner - 24

estimating - 24

resident - 24

disclosure - 24

investment - 23

economically - 23

company - 23

entrepreneur - 23

salary - 23

racial - 23

irs - 23

immigration - 23

ethnic - 23

census bureau - 22

socioeconomic - 22

tax - 22

production - 21

entrepreneurship - 21

race - 21

econometric - 21

export - 20

patent - 20

expenditure - 20

gdp - 20

agency - 20

statistical - 19

residence - 19

macroeconomic - 19

enterprise - 19

hiring - 19

census data - 19

housing - 18

heterogeneity - 18

worker - 18

unemployed - 18

data - 18

neighborhood - 17

spillover - 17

trend - 17

migrant - 17

sale - 17

finance - 17

demand - 16

rent - 16

venture - 16

financial - 16

incentive - 16

data census - 16

endogeneity - 16

1040 - 16

welfare - 16

segregation - 15

report - 14

relocation - 14

intergenerational - 14

import - 14

corporation - 14

quarterly - 14

enrollment - 14

technological - 13

patenting - 13

entrepreneurial - 13

occupation - 13

residential - 13

microdata - 13

taxpayer - 13

citizen - 13

percentile - 13

impact - 12

discrimination - 12

job - 12

hire - 12

establishment - 12

datasets - 12

loan - 12

family - 12

federal - 12

record - 12

estimation - 11

manufacturer - 11

exporter - 11

investor - 11

inventory - 11

funding - 11

black - 11

researcher - 11

state - 11

medicaid - 11

eligibility - 11

bias - 11

innovate - 10

employment growth - 10

white - 10

migration - 10

use census - 10

wealth - 10

earn - 10

imputation - 10

aggregate - 10

household surveys - 9

monopolistic - 9

proprietor - 9

rural - 9

native - 9

urban - 9

migrate - 9

profit - 9

filing - 9

parent - 9

importer - 9

environmental - 9

emission - 9

census household - 9

census employment - 9

mexican - 9

census responses - 9

graduate - 9

renter - 8

produce - 8

invention - 8

innovative - 8

financing - 8

productive - 8

productivity growth - 8

innovating - 8

organizational - 8

proprietorship - 8

city - 8

migrating - 8

assessed - 8

lender - 8

geographically - 8

coverage - 8

dependent - 8

income data - 8

pandemic - 8

child - 8

pollution - 8

home - 8

employment earnings - 8

metropolitan - 8

retirement - 8

census survey - 7

prevalence - 7

subsidy - 7

startup - 7

labor markets - 7

relocate - 7

acquisition - 7

employment statistics - 7

mobility - 7

reside - 7

citizenship - 7

stock - 7

ssa - 7

eligible - 7

enrolled - 7

borrower - 7

lending - 7

bank - 7

exogeneity - 7

trading - 7

confidentiality - 7

woman - 7

saving - 7

regional - 7

parental - 7

supplier - 7

efficiency - 7

competitor - 7

workers earnings - 7

shipment - 6

exporting - 6

invest - 6

prospect - 6

security - 6

technology - 6

growth productivity - 6

wholesale - 6

innovator - 6

employment estimates - 6

employment data - 6

workplace - 6

employment trends - 6

borrowing - 6

debt - 6

banking - 6

leverage - 6

incorporated - 6

mortgage - 6

community - 6

tariff - 6

multinational - 6

consumption - 6

epa - 6

pollution exposure - 6

sectoral - 6

poorer - 6

homeowner - 6

monopolistically - 6

pollutant - 6

segregated - 6

adoption - 6

policymakers - 6

insurance - 6

imported - 6

latino - 6

generation - 6

productivity dispersion - 6

birth - 6

commerce - 6

analysis - 6

retailer - 6

research - 6

accounting - 6

2010 census - 5

investing - 5

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productivity estimates - 5

productivity shocks - 5

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unobserved - 5

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population survey - 5

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Viewing papers 1 through 10 of 268


  • Working Paper

    Tapping Business and Household Surveys to Sharpen Our View of Work from Home

    June 2025

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-25-36

    Timely business-level measures of work from home (WFH) are scarce for the U.S. economy. We review prior survey-based efforts to quantify the incidence and character of WFH and describe new questions that we developed and fielded for the Business Trends and Outlook Survey (BTOS). Drawing on more than 150,000 firm-level responses to the BTOS, we obtain four main findings. First, nearly a third of businesses have employees who work from home, with tremendous variation across sectors. The share of businesses with WFH employees is nearly ten times larger in the Information sector than in Accommodation and Food Services. Second, employees work from home about 1 day per week, on average, and businesses expect similar WFH levels in five years. Third, feasibility aside, businesses' largest concern with WFH relates to productivity. Seven percent of businesses find that onsite work is more productive, while two percent find that WFH is more productive. Fourth, there is a low level of tracking and monitoring of WFH activities, with 70% of firms reporting they do not track employee days in the office and 75% reporting they do not monitor employees when they work from home. These lessons serve as a starting point for enhancing WFH-related content in the American Community Survey and other household surveys.
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  • Working Paper

    The Effects of Eviction on Children

    May 2025

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-25-34

    Eviction may be an important channel for the intergenerational transmission of poverty, and concerns about its effects on children are often raised as a rationale for tenant protection policies. We study how eviction impacts children's home environment, school engagement, educational achievement, and high school completion by assembling new data sets linking eviction court records in Chicago and New York to administrative public school records and restricted Census records. To disentangle the consequences of eviction from the effects of correlated sources of economic distress, we use a research design based on the random assignment of court cases to judges who vary in their leniency. We find that eviction increases children's residential mobility, homelessness, and likelihood of doubling up with grandparents or other adults. Eviction also disrupts school engagement, causing increased absences and school changes. While we find little impact on elementary and middle school test scores, eviction substantially reduces high school course credits. Lastly, we find that eviction reduces high school graduation and use a novel bounding method to show that this finding is not driven by differential attrition. The disruptive effects of eviction appear worse for older children and boys. Our evidence suggests that the impact of eviction on children runs through the disruption to the home environment or school engagement rather than deterioration in school or neighborhood quality, and may be moderated by access to family support networks.
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  • Working Paper

    Firm Heterogeneity, Misallocation, and Trade

    May 2025

    Authors: John Chung

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-25-33

    To what extent do domestic distortions influence the gains from trade? Using data from Chinese manufacturing surveys and U.S. census records, I document two novel stylized facts: (1) Larger producers in China exhibit lower revenue productivity, whereas larger producers in the U.S. exhibit higher revenue productivity. (2) Larger exporters in China exhibit lower export intensity, whereas larger exporters in the U.S. exhibit higher export intensity. A model of heterogeneous producers shows that only the U.S. patterns are consistent with an efficient allocation. To reconcile the observed patterns in China, I introduce producer- and destination-specific subsidies and estimate the model without imposing functional form assumptions on the joint distribution of productivity and subsidy rates. Accounting for distortions in China leads to substantially smaller estimated gains from trade.
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  • Working Paper

    Property Rights, Firm Size and Investments in Innovation: Evidence from the America Invents Act

    May 2025

    Authors: James Driver

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-25-31

    I analyze whether a change in patent systems differentially affects firm-level innovation investments at patent-valuing firms of different sizes. Using legally required, economically representative, U.S. Census Bureau microdata, I separate firms into groups based on a firm's response to a question asking it to rank the degree of patent importance to its business and firm-size. I then measure how firms' innovation inputs/outputs respond to the America Invents Act (AIA). Results show the AIA reduced innovation investments at smaller, patent-valuing firms while increasing innovation investments at larger, patent-valuing firms, highlighting differential firm-size effects of patent policy and policy's importance to investments.
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  • Working Paper

    Impact Investing and Worker Outcomes

    May 2025

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-25-30

    Impact investors claim to distinguish themselves from traditional venture capital and growth equity investors by also pursuing environmental, social, and governance (ESG) objectives. Whether they successfully do so in practice is unclear. We use confidential Census Bureau microdata to assess worker outcomes across portfolio companies. Impact investors are more likely than other private equity firms to fund businesses in economically disadvantaged areas, and the performance of these companies lags behind those held by traditional private investors. We show that post-funding impact-backed firms are more likely to hire minorities, unskilled workers, and individuals with lower historical earnings, perhaps reflecting the higher representation of minorities in top positions. They also allocate wage increases more favorably to minorities and rank-and-file workers than VC-backed firms. Our results are consistent with impact investors and their portfolio companies acting according to non-pecuniary social goals and thus are not consistent with mere window dressing or cosmetic changes.
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  • Working Paper

    The Rising Returns to R&D: Ideas Are Not Getting Harder to Find

    May 2025

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-25-29

    R&D investment has grown robustly, yet aggregate productivity growth has stagnated. Is this because 'ideas are getting harder to find'? This paper uses micro-data from the US Census Bureau to explore the relationship between R&D and productivity in the manufacturing sector from 1976 to 2018. We find that both the elasticity of output (TFP) with respect to R&D and the marginal returns to R&D have risen sharply. Exploring factors affecting returns, we conclude that R&D obsolescence rates must have risen. Using a novel estimation approach, we find consistent evidence of sharply rising technological rivalry. These findings suggest that R&D has become more effective at finding productivity-enhancing ideas but these ideas may also render rivals' technologies obsolete, making innovations more transient.
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  • Working Paper

    The Rise of Industrial AI in America: Microfoundations of the Productivity J-curve(s)

    April 2025

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-25-27

    We examine the prevalence and productivity dynamics of artificial intelligence (AI) in American manufacturing. Working with the Census Bureau to collect detailed large-scale data for 2017 and 2021, we focus on AI-related technologies with industrial applications. We find causal evidence of J-curve-shaped returns, where short-term performance losses precede longer-term gains. Consistent with costly adjustment taking place within core production processes, industrial AI use increases work-in-progress inventory, investment in industrial robots, and labor shedding, while harming productivity and profitability in the short run. These losses are unevenly distributed, concentrating among older businesses while being mitigated by growth-oriented business strategies and within-firm spillovers. Dynamics, however, matter: earlier (pre-2017) adopters exhibit stronger growth over time, conditional on survival. Notably, among older establishments, abandonment of structured production-management practices accounts for roughly one-third of these losses, revealing a specific channel through which intangible factors shape AI's impact. Taken together, these results provide novel evidence on the microfoundations of technology J-curves, identifying mechanisms and illuminating how and why they differ across firm types. These findings extend our understanding of modern General Purpose Technologies, explaining why their economic impact'exemplified here by AI'may initially disappoint, particularly in contexts dominated by older, established firms.
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  • Working Paper

    Startup Dynamics: Transitioning from Nonemployer Firms to Employer Firms, Survival, and Job Creation

    April 2025

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-25-26

    Understanding the dynamics of startup businesses' growth, exit, and survival is crucial for fostering entrepreneurship. Among the nearly 30 million registered businesses in the United States, fewer than six million have employees beyond the business owners. This research addresses the gap in understanding which companies transition to employer businesses and the mechanisms behind this process. Job creation remains a critical concern for policymakers, researchers, and advocacy groups. This study aims to illuminate the transition from non-employer businesses to employer businesses and explore job creation by new startups. Leveraging newly available microdata from the U.S. Census Bureau, we seek to gain deeper insights into firm survival, job creation by startups, and the transition from non-employer to employer status.
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  • Working Paper

    Place Based Economic Development and Tribal Casinos

    April 2025

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-25-24

    Tribal lands in the U.S. have historically experienced some of the worst economic conditions in the nation. We review some existing research on the effect of American Indian tribal casinos on various measures of local economic development. This is an industry that began in the early 1990s and currently generates more than $40 billion annually. We also review the state of the literature on the effects of casino operations on communities in or adjacent to tribal areas. Using a new dataset linking individual and enterprise-level data longitudinally, this study examines the industry- and location-specific impacts of tribal casino operations. We focus in particular on the employment of American Indians. We document positive flows from unemployment and non-casino geographies to work in sectors related to casino operations. Tribal casinos differ from other standard place-based economic development projects in that they are focused on a single industry; we discuss these differences and note that some of the positive spillover effects may be similar to other, more standard place-based policies. Finally, we discuss additional and open-ended questions for future research on this topic.
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  • Working Paper

    Re-assessing the Spatial Mismatch Hypothesis

    April 2025

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-25-23

    We use detailed location information from the Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics (LEHD) database to develop new evidence on the effects of spatial mismatch on the relative earnings of Black workers in large US cities. We classify workplaces by the size of the pay premiums they offer in a two-way fixed effects model, providing a simple metric for defining 'good' jobs. We show that: (a) Black workers earn nearly the same average wage premiums as whites; (b) in most cities Black workers live closer to jobs, and closer to good jobs, than do whites; (c) Black workers typically commute shorter distances than whites; and (d) people who commute further earn higher average pay premiums, but the elasticity with respect to distance traveled is slightly lower for Black workers. We conclude that geographic proximity to good jobs is unlikely to be a major source of the racial earnings gaps in major U.S. cities today.
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