CREAT: Census Research Exploration and Analysis Tool

Papers Containing Tag(s): 'Census of Manufactures'

The following papers contain search terms that you selected. From the papers listed below, you can navigate to the PDF, the profile page for that working paper, or see all the working papers written by an author. You can also explore tags, keywords, and authors that occur frequently within these papers.
Click here to search again

Frequently Occurring Concepts within this Search

Annual Survey of Manufactures - 116

Center for Economic Studies - 86

Standard Industrial Classification - 71

Total Factor Productivity - 71

Longitudinal Business Database - 70

North American Industry Classification System - 67

Longitudinal Research Database - 63

Bureau of Economic Analysis - 55

National Science Foundation - 54

Bureau of Labor Statistics - 53

National Bureau of Economic Research - 51

Ordinary Least Squares - 51

Census of Manufacturing Firms - 50

Chicago Census Research Data Center - 40

Cobb-Douglas - 35

Metropolitan Statistical Area - 34

Internal Revenue Service - 32

Standard Statistical Establishment List - 30

Federal Reserve Bank - 26

Economic Census - 26

Federal Statistical Research Data Center - 25

Special Sworn Status - 24

Environmental Protection Agency - 23

Current Population Survey - 21

Census Bureau Disclosure Review Board - 18

Census Bureau Longitudinal Business Database - 18

Business Register - 17

University of Chicago - 16

Pollution Abatement Costs and Expenditures - 16

Research Data Center - 15

Longitudinal Employer Household Dynamics - 14

Employer Identification Numbers - 13

American Economic Review - 13

Permanent Plant Number - 13

Herfindahl Hirschman Index - 12

Federal Reserve System - 12

County Business Patterns - 12

World Bank - 12

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development - 11

Census Bureau Center for Economic Studies - 11

Longitudinal Firm Trade Transactions Database - 11

Disclosure Review Board - 11

Energy Information Administration - 10

Census Bureau Business Register - 10

Social Security Administration - 10

2010 Census - 10

University of Maryland - 9

Generalized Method of Moments - 9

Kauffman Foundation - 9

Journal of Economic Literature - 9

TFPQ - 9

Alfred P Sloan Foundation - 9

International Trade Research Report - 9

PAOC - 9

Department of Economics - 8

Patent and Trademark Office - 8

National Ambient Air Quality Standards - 8

Decennial Census - 8

Information and Communication Technology Survey - 8

Quarterly Journal of Economics - 8

Center for Research in Security Prices - 8

Statistics Canada - 8

Administrative Records - 8

Herfindahl-Hirschman - 7

Customs and Border Protection - 7

New York University - 7

Cambridge University Press - 7

Postal Service - 7

Commodity Flow Survey - 7

Securities and Exchange Commission - 7

University of Michigan - 7

Survey of Manufacturing Technology - 7

Michigan Institute for Teaching and Research in Economics - 7

IQR - 7

Service Annual Survey - 7

Duke University - 7

North American Free Trade Agreement - 7

Review of Economics and Statistics - 7

Yale University - 7

Financial, Insurance and Real Estate Industries - 6

Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey - 6

American Community Survey - 6

International Trade Commission - 6

Business Dynamics Statistics - 6

Columbia University - 6

Management and Organizational Practices Survey - 6

Establishment Micro Properties - 6

Harmonized System - 6

North American Industry Classi - 6

TFPR - 6

American Economic Association - 6

Securities Data Company - 6

Office of Management and Budget - 6

Journal of Political Economy - 6

Computer Network Use Supplement - 6

Heckscher-Ohlin - 6

Department of Commerce - 6

Boston Research Data Center - 6

Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Areas - 6

United States Census Bureau - 6

New England County Metropolitan - 6

WECD - 6

Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages - 5

Department of Homeland Security - 5

Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation - 5

World Trade Organization - 5

State Energy Data System - 5

Federal Reserve Board of Governors - 5

Princeton University Press - 5

Journal of Economic Perspectives - 5

Board of Governors - 5

Sloan Foundation - 5

Current Employment Statistics - 5

Small Business Administration - 5

Medical Expenditure Panel Survey - 5

Harvard University - 5

National Establishment Time Series - 4

E32 - 4

European Union - 4

Labor Productivity - 4

Wholesale Trade - 4

Council of Economic Advisers - 4

UC Berkeley - 4

Company Organization Survey - 4

Journal of Econometrics - 4

Review of Economic Studies - 4

Cornell University - 4

Initial Public Offering - 4

European Commission - 4

Foreign Direct Investment - 4

CAAA - 4

Electronic Data Interchange - 4

NBER Summer Institute - 4

American Statistical Association - 4

University of California Los Angeles - 4

Fabricated Metal Products - 4

Chicago RDC - 4

New York Times - 4

Toxics Release Inventory - 4

International Standard Industrial Classification - 4

Survey of Industrial Research and Development - 4

Social Security - 4

Insurance Information Institute - 4

MIT Press - 4

Schools Under Registration Review - 4

Department of Energy - 3

Business Employment Dynamics - 3

Princeton University - 3

2SLS - 3

Geographic Information Systems - 3

Business Services - 3

Public Administration - 3

Characteristics of Business Owners - 3

Penn State University - 3

Business R&D and Innovation Survey - 3

Boston College - 3

Bureau of Labor - 3

Core Based Statistical Area - 3

Census of Services - 3

Business Research and Development and Innovation Survey - 3

National Income and Product Accounts - 3

Department of Justice - 3

Wal-Mart - 3

Journal of Labor Economics - 3

University of Toronto - 3

Stanford University - 3

National Research Council - 3

Net Present Value - 3

Federal Trade Commission - 3

Department of Labor - 3

production - 80

manufacturing - 78

econometric - 57

industrial - 49

expenditure - 48

produce - 45

macroeconomic - 44

market - 43

growth - 37

demand - 35

labor - 35

revenue - 34

sale - 34

manufacturer - 32

employ - 31

efficiency - 30

recession - 29

economically - 29

estimating - 29

gdp - 27

economist - 27

export - 24

profit - 23

company - 23

quarterly - 22

estimation - 22

investment - 22

employed - 21

aggregate - 21

sector - 21

workforce - 21

emission - 21

endogeneity - 20

enterprise - 20

spillover - 20

payroll - 20

pollution - 20

epa - 19

regulation - 19

earnings - 19

cost - 18

productive - 17

employee - 17

environmental - 17

organizational - 16

polluting - 16

regulatory - 15

profitability - 15

exporter - 14

technological - 13

competitor - 13

plant productivity - 13

incentive - 13

accounting - 13

depreciation - 13

regression - 13

pollutant - 13

consumption - 12

monopolistic - 12

econometrician - 12

productivity growth - 12

metropolitan - 12

establishment - 12

employment growth - 11

innovation - 11

import - 11

survey - 11

productivity measures - 11

worker - 11

pricing - 11

merger - 11

acquisition - 11

factory - 11

exported - 11

industry productivity - 11

aggregation - 11

environmental regulation - 11

statistical - 10

expense - 10

product - 10

regional - 10

report - 10

price - 10

technology - 10

firms export - 10

productivity dynamics - 9

manager - 9

plants industry - 9

firms productivity - 9

multinational - 9

leverage - 9

exporting - 9

pollution abatement - 9

efficient - 9

quantity - 9

exogeneity - 8

employment dynamics - 8

shock - 8

salary - 8

aggregate productivity - 8

region - 8

regional economic - 8

tariff - 8

financial - 8

inventory - 8

patent - 7

wholesale - 7

industry concentration - 7

trading - 7

microdata - 7

corporate - 7

labor productivity - 7

agency - 7

firms plants - 7

measures productivity - 7

agriculture - 7

finance - 7

management - 7

state - 7

productivity plants - 7

spending - 7

heterogeneity - 7

productivity differences - 7

commodity - 7

endogenous - 7

incorporated - 7

polluting industries - 7

competitiveness - 7

refinery - 7

productivity shocks - 6

monopolistically - 6

labor statistics - 6

outsourced - 6

plant employment - 6

country - 6

subsidy - 6

takeover - 6

stock - 6

estimator - 6

productivity dispersion - 6

estimates productivity - 6

analysis productivity - 6

debt - 6

data - 6

respondent - 6

industrialized - 6

empirical - 6

estimates pollution - 6

shareholder - 6

layoff - 6

agricultural - 6

regulated - 6

regulation productivity - 6

abatement expenditures - 6

job - 5

labor markets - 5

innovator - 5

specialization - 5

industry variation - 5

factor productivity - 5

hire - 5

outsourcing - 5

manufacturing plants - 5

fuel - 5

electricity - 5

energy - 5

consumer - 5

area - 5

geographically - 5

productivity estimates - 5

estimates production - 5

wages productivity - 5

managerial - 5

entrepreneurial - 5

investor - 5

equity - 5

invest - 5

union - 5

entrepreneurship - 5

estimates employment - 5

dispersion productivity - 5

wage regressions - 5

analysis - 5

data census - 5

volatility - 5

shift - 5

investing - 5

corporation - 5

plants firms - 5

restructuring - 5

conglomerate - 5

pollution regulation - 5

costs pollution - 5

environmental expenditures - 5

employment estimates - 5

producing - 5

employing - 5

plant - 5

autoregressive - 4

employment production - 4

diversification - 4

electricity prices - 4

tenure - 4

wage growth - 4

rate - 4

location - 4

reallocation productivity - 4

externality - 4

productivity analysis - 4

productivity size - 4

productivity firms - 4

disclosure - 4

firms grow - 4

industry employment - 4

elasticity - 4

forecast - 4

venture - 4

acquirer - 4

gain - 4

average - 4

yield - 4

bankruptcy - 4

shipment - 4

firms exporting - 4

exporting firms - 4

researcher - 4

bank - 4

wages production - 4

wage differences - 4

technology adoption - 4

supplier - 4

reporting - 4

datasets - 4

record - 4

utilization - 4

hiring - 4

good - 4

imputation - 4

sectoral - 4

manufacturing industries - 4

occupation - 4

ownership - 4

relocation - 4

workplace - 4

plant investment - 4

city - 4

prices products - 4

impact - 4

development - 4

regional industry - 4

regional industries - 4

agglomeration - 4

economic census - 4

population - 4

tech - 4

industry output - 4

longitudinal - 4

worker wages - 4

textile - 4

plants industries - 4

industry heterogeneity - 3

growth employment - 3

strategic - 3

competitive - 3

energy prices - 3

energy efficiency - 3

renewable - 3

patenting - 3

bias - 3

industry wages - 3

wage changes - 3

compensation - 3

policy - 3

utility - 3

oligopolistic - 3

effect wages - 3

geography - 3

growth productivity - 3

econometrically - 3

rural - 3

local economic - 3

executive - 3

entrepreneur - 3

security - 3

investment productivity - 3

share - 3

budget - 3

housing - 3

regress - 3

warehousing - 3

loan - 3

lender - 3

creditor - 3

regressing - 3

retailer - 3

census data - 3

study - 3

research - 3

statistician - 3

use census - 3

innovate - 3

innovative - 3

fluctuation - 3

trend - 3

trade models - 3

custom - 3

financing - 3

international trade - 3

importing - 3

imported - 3

firms trade - 3

capital - 3

meat - 3

exogenous - 3

recessionary - 3

prospect - 3

productivity impacts - 3

agglomeration economies - 3

firms census - 3

census bureau - 3

oligopoly - 3

employment data - 3

employment statistics - 3

midwest - 3

enforcement - 3

computer - 3

indicator - 3

employment changes - 3

Viewing papers 1 through 10 of 181


  • Working Paper

    The Effect of Oil News Shocks on Job Creation and Destruction

    January 2025

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-25-06

    Using data from the Annual Survey of Manufactures (ASM) and the Census of Manufacturing (CMF), we construct quarterly measures of job creation and destruction by 3-digit NAICS industries spanning from 1980Q3-2016Q4. These long series allow us to address three questions regarding the effect of oil news shocks. What is the average effect of oil news shocks on sectoral labor reallocation? What characteristics explain the observed heterogeneity in the average responses across industries? Has the response of US manufacturing changed over time? We find evidence that oil news shocks exert only a moderate effect on total manufacturing net employment growth but lead to a significant increase in job reallocation. However, we find a high degree of heterogeneity in responses across industries. We then show that the cross-industry variation in the sensitivity of net employment growth and excess job reallocation to oil news shocks is related to differences in energy costs, the rate of energy to capital expenditures, and the share of mature firms in the industry. Finally, we illustrate how the dynamic response of sectoral job creation and destruction to oil news shocks has declined since the mid-2000s.
    View Full Paper PDF
  • Working Paper

    Competition, Firm Innovation, and Growth under Imperfect Technology Spillovers

    July 2024

    Authors: Karam Jo, Seula Kim

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-24-40

    We study how friction in learning others' technology, termed 'imperfect technology spillovers,' incentivizes firms to use different types of innovation and impacts the implications of competition through changes in innovation composition. We build an endogenous growth model in which multi-product firms enhance their products via internal innovation and enter new product markets through external innovation. When learning others' technology takes time due to this friction, increased competitive pressure leads firms with technological advantages to intensify internal innovation to protect their markets, thereby reducing others' external innovation. Using the U.S. administrative firm-level data, we provide regression results supporting the model predictions. Our findings highlight the importance of strategic firm innovation choices and changes in their composition in shaping the aggregate implications of competition.
    View Full Paper PDF
  • Working Paper

    The Rise of Specialized Firms

    February 2024

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-24-06

    This paper studies firm diversification over 6-digit NAICS industries in U.S. manufacturing. We find that firms specializing in fewer industries now account for a substantially greater share of production than 40 years ago. This reallocation is a key driver of rising industry concentration. Specialized firms have displaced diversified firms among industry leaders'absent this reallocation concentration would have decreased. We then provide evidence that specialized firms produce higher-quality goods: specialized firms tend to charge higher unit prices and are more insulated against Chinese import competition. Based on our empirical findings, we propose a theory in which growth shifts demand toward specialized, high-quality firms, which eventually increases concentration. We conclude that one should expect rising industry concentration in a growing economy.
    View Full Paper PDF
  • Working Paper

    Collaborative Micro-productivity Project: Establishment-Level Productivity Dataset, 1972-2020

    December 2023

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-23-65

    We describe the process for building the Collaborative Micro-productivity Project (CMP) microdata and calculating establishment-level productivity numbers. The documentation is for version 7 and the data cover the years 1972-2020. These data have been used in numerous research papers and are used to create the experimental public-use data product Dispersion Statistics on Productivity (DiSP).
    View Full Paper PDF
  • Working Paper

    Outsourcing Dynamism

    December 2023

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-23-64

    This paper investigates the increasing importance of domestic outsourcing in U.S. manufacturing. Under domestic outsourcing, the agency is the employer of record for temporary workers, though they perform their tasks at the client business' premises. On a yearly basis, one in two manufacturing plants hires at least some of its workers through a temporary help agency. Furthermore, domestic outsourcing is becoming increasingly more important: the average share of revenue spent on such arrangements has gone up by 85 percent since 2006. We develop a methodology to transform reported expenses on temporary and leased workers into plant-level outsourced employment counts, using administrative data on the U.S. manufacturing sector. We find that domestic outsourcing is an important margin of adjustment that plants use to modify their workforce in response to productivity shocks. Plant-level outsourced employment adjusts more quickly and is twice as responsive as payroll employment. These micro implications have significant aggregate consequences. Without taking reallocations in outsourced employment into account, the measured pace at which jobs reallocate across workplaces is underestimated. On average, we omit the equivalent of 15 percent of payroll employment reallocations in each year. However, outsourced employment churns at a much higher rate compared to its payroll counterpart. Therefore, the omission of outsourced reallocations can rationalize 37 percent of the secular decline in the aggregate job reallocation rate. Lastly, the extent of mismeasurement varies with the business cycle; falling in downturns and increasing in upturns implying that the speed of economic recovery is underestimated.
    View Full Paper PDF
  • Working Paper

    Temperature and Local Industry Concentration

    October 2023

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-23-51

    We use plant-level data from the US Census of Manufacturers to study the short and long run effects of temperature on manufacturing activity. We document that temperature shocks significantly increase energy costs and lower the productivity of small manufacturing plants, while large plants are mostly unaffected. In US counties that experienced higher increases in average temperatures between the 1980s and the 2010s, these heterogeneous effects have led to higher concentration of manufacturing activity within large plants, and a reallocation of labor from small to large manufacturing establishments. We offer a preliminary discussion of potential mechanisms explaining why large manufacturing firms might be better equipped for long-run adaptation to climate change, including their ability to hedge across locations, easier access to finance, and higher managerial skills.
    View Full Paper PDF
  • Working Paper

    Technology Lock-In and Costs of Delayed Climate Policy

    July 2023

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-23-33

    This paper studies the implications of current energy prices for future energy efficiency and climate policy. Using U.S. Census microdata and quasi-experimental variation in energy prices, we first show that manufacturing plants that open when electricity prices are low consume more energy throughout their lifetime, regardless of current electricity prices. We then estimate that a persistent bias of technological change toward energy can explain the long-term effects of entry-year electricity prices on energy intensity. Overall, this 'technology lock-in' implies that increasing entry-year electricity prices by 10% would decrease a plant's energy intensity of production by 3% throughout its lifetime.
    View Full Paper PDF
  • Working Paper

    On The Role of Trademarks: From Micro Evidence to Macro Outcomes

    March 2023

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-23-16R

    What are the effects of trademarks on the U.S. economy? Evidence from comprehensive micro data on trademark registrations and outcomes for U.S. employer firms suggests that trademarks protect firm value and are linked to higher firm growth and marketing activity. Motivated by this evidence, trademarks are introduced in a general equilibrium framework to quantify their aggregate effects. Firms invest in product quality and engage in both informative and persuasive advertising to build a customer base subject to depreciation. Persuasive advertising induces a perception of higher quality. Firms can register trademarks to reduce customer depreciation and enhance product awareness. The model's predictions about trademark registrations, firm growth, and advertising expenditures align with the empirical evidence. The analysis shows that, compared to the counterfactual economy without trademarks, the U.S. economy with trademarks generates higher average product quality but lower variety, ultimately resulting in greater welfare and higher industry concentration. While informative advertising improves welfare, persuasive advertising reduces it. Nevertheless, the positive welfare impact of trademarks outweighs the negative effects of persuasive advertising.
    View Full Paper PDF
  • Working Paper

    Managing Employee Retention Concerns: Evidence from U.S. Census Data

    February 2023

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-23-07

    Using Census microdata on 14,000 manufacturing plants, we examine how firms man age employee retention concerns in response to local wage pressure. We validate our measure of employee retention concerns by documenting that plants respond with wage increases, and do so more when the employees' human capital is higher. We doc ument substantial use of non-wage levers in response to retention concerns. Plants shift incentives to increase the likelihood that bonuses can be paid: performance target transparency declines, as does the use of localized performance metrics for bonuses. Furthermore, promotions become more meritocratic, ensuring key employees can be promoted and retained. Lastly, decision-making authority at the plant-level increases, offering more agency to local employees. We find evidence consistent with inequity aversion constraining the response to local wage pressure, and document spillovers in both wage and non-wage reactions across same-firm plants.
    View Full Paper PDF
  • Working Paper

    The U.S. Manufacturing Sector's Response to Higher Electricity Prices: Evidence from State-Level Renewable Portfolio Standards

    October 2022

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-22-47

    While several papers examine the effects of renewable portfolio standards (RPS) on electricity prices, they mainly rely on state-level data and there has been little research on how RPS policies affect manufacturing activity via their effect on electricity prices. Using plant-level data for the entire U.S. manufacturing sector and all electric utilities from 1992 ' 2015, we jointly estimate the effect of RPS adoption and stringency on plant-level electricity prices and production decisions. To ensure that our results are not sensitive to possible pre-existing differences across manufacturing plants in RPS and non-RPS states, we implement coarsened exact covariate matching. Our results suggest that electricity prices for plants in RPS states averaged about 2% higher than in non-RPS states, notably lower than prior estimates based on state-level data. In response to these higher electricity prices, we estimate that plant electricity usage declined by 1.2% for all plants and 1.8% for energy-intensive plants, broadly consistent with published estimates of the elasticity of electricity demand for industrial users. We find smaller declines in output, employment, and hours worked (relative to the decline in electricity use). Finally, several key RPS policy design features that vary substantially from state-to-state produce heterogeneous effects on plant-level electricity prices.
    View Full Paper PDF