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Papers Containing Tag(s): 'Census of Manufactures'

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Frequently Occurring Concepts within this Search

Annual Survey of Manufactures - 116

Center for Economic Studies - 86

Total Factor Productivity - 73

Standard Industrial Classification - 72

Longitudinal Business Database - 71

North American Industry Classification System - 68

Longitudinal Research Database - 63

National Science Foundation - 55

Bureau of Economic Analysis - 55

Bureau of Labor Statistics - 54

National Bureau of Economic Research - 52

Ordinary Least Squares - 51

Census of Manufacturing Firms - 50

Chicago Census Research Data Center - 40

Cobb-Douglas - 35

Metropolitan Statistical Area - 34

Internal Revenue Service - 32

Standard Statistical Establishment List - 30

Federal Reserve Bank - 27

Economic Census - 27

Federal Statistical Research Data Center - 26

Special Sworn Status - 24

Environmental Protection Agency - 23

Current Population Survey - 21

Census Bureau Disclosure Review Board - 19

Business Register - 18

Census Bureau Longitudinal Business Database - 18

Longitudinal Employer Household Dynamics - 16

University of Chicago - 16

Pollution Abatement Costs and Expenditures - 16

Employer Identification Numbers - 15

Research Data Center - 15

Federal Reserve System - 13

Herfindahl Hirschman Index - 13

American Economic Review - 13

Permanent Plant Number - 13

County Business Patterns - 12

World Bank - 12

Social Security Administration - 11

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development - 11

Census Bureau Center for Economic Studies - 11

Longitudinal Firm Trade Transactions Database - 11

Disclosure Review Board - 11

Alfred P Sloan Foundation - 10

Energy Information Administration - 10

Census Bureau Business Register - 10

2010 Census - 10

Decennial Census - 9

Patent and Trademark Office - 9

University of Maryland - 9

Generalized Method of Moments - 9

Kauffman Foundation - 9

Journal of Economic Literature - 9

TFPQ - 9

International Trade Research Report - 9

PAOC - 9

Department of Economics - 8

National Ambient Air Quality Standards - 8

Information and Communication Technology Survey - 8

Quarterly Journal of Economics - 8

Center for Research in Security Prices - 8

Statistics Canada - 8

Administrative Records - 8

Business Dynamics Statistics - 7

Herfindahl-Hirschman - 7

Customs and Border Protection - 7

New York University - 7

Cambridge University Press - 7

Postal Service - 7

Commodity Flow Survey - 7

Securities and Exchange Commission - 7

University of Michigan - 7

Survey of Manufacturing Technology - 7

Michigan Institute for Teaching and Research in Economics - 7

IQR - 7

Service Annual Survey - 7

Duke University - 7

North American Free Trade Agreement - 7

Review of Economics and Statistics - 7

Yale University - 7

Department of Homeland Security - 6

Financial, Insurance and Real Estate Industries - 6

Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey - 6

American Community Survey - 6

International Trade Commission - 6

Columbia University - 6

Management and Organizational Practices Survey - 6

Establishment Micro Properties - 6

Harmonized System - 6

North American Industry Classi - 6

TFPR - 6

American Economic Association - 6

Securities Data Company - 6

Office of Management and Budget - 6

Journal of Political Economy - 6

Computer Network Use Supplement - 6

Heckscher-Ohlin - 6

Department of Commerce - 6

Boston Research Data Center - 6

Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Areas - 6

United States Census Bureau - 6

New England County Metropolitan - 6

WECD - 6

Social Security - 5

Wholesale Trade - 5

Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages - 5

Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation - 5

World Trade Organization - 5

State Energy Data System - 5

Carnegie Mellon University - 5

Federal Reserve Board of Governors - 5

Princeton University Press - 5

Journal of Economic Perspectives - 5

Board of Governors - 5

Sloan Foundation - 5

Bureau of Labor - 5

Current Employment Statistics - 5

Small Business Administration - 5

NBER Summer Institute - 5

Medical Expenditure Panel Survey - 5

Harvard University - 5

Federal Trade Commission - 4

Department of Justice - 4

Boston College - 4

Technical Services - 4

Public Administration - 4

National Establishment Time Series - 4

E32 - 4

European Union - 4

Labor Productivity - 4

Council of Economic Advisers - 4

UC Berkeley - 4

Company Organization Survey - 4

Journal of Econometrics - 4

Review of Economic Studies - 4

Cornell University - 4

Initial Public Offering - 4

European Commission - 4

Foreign Direct Investment - 4

CAAA - 4

Electronic Data Interchange - 4

American Statistical Association - 4

University of California Los Angeles - 4

Fabricated Metal Products - 4

Chicago RDC - 4

Stanford University - 4

New York Times - 4

Toxics Release Inventory - 4

International Standard Industrial Classification - 4

Journal of International Economics - 4

Survey of Industrial Research and Development - 4

Insurance Information Institute - 4

MIT Press - 4

Schools Under Registration Review - 4

Department of Energy - 3

Business Employment Dynamics - 3

Princeton University - 3

2SLS - 3

Geographic Information Systems - 3

Business Services - 3

Characteristics of Business Owners - 3

Penn State University - 3

Business R&D and Innovation Survey - 3

Core Based Statistical Area - 3

Census of Services - 3

Business Research and Development and Innovation Survey - 3

National Income and Product Accounts - 3

Wal-Mart - 3

Journal of Labor Economics - 3

University of Toronto - 3

National Research Council - 3

Labor Turnover Survey - 3

Net Present Value - 3

Department of Labor - 3

production - 80

manufacturing - 78

econometric - 57

industrial - 49

expenditure - 48

produce - 45

market - 44

macroeconomic - 44

growth - 38

demand - 35

labor - 35

revenue - 34

sale - 34

employ - 32

manufacturer - 32

recession - 30

efficiency - 30

economically - 29

estimating - 29

economist - 28

gdp - 27

profit - 24

company - 24

export - 24

investment - 23

quarterly - 22

estimation - 22

employed - 21

aggregate - 21

sector - 21

workforce - 21

emission - 21

earnings - 20

endogeneity - 20

enterprise - 20

spillover - 20

payroll - 20

pollution - 20

epa - 19

regulation - 19

employee - 18

cost - 18

productive - 17

environmental - 17

organizational - 16

polluting - 16

regulatory - 15

profitability - 15

incentive - 14

technological - 14

exporter - 14

acquisition - 13

monopolistic - 13

competitor - 13

plant productivity - 13

accounting - 13

depreciation - 13

regression - 13

pollutant - 13

innovation - 12

consumption - 12

econometrician - 12

productivity growth - 12

metropolitan - 12

establishment - 12

employment growth - 11

import - 11

survey - 11

productivity measures - 11

worker - 11

pricing - 11

merger - 11

factory - 11

exported - 11

industry productivity - 11

aggregation - 11

environmental regulation - 11

firms productivity - 10

statistical - 10

expense - 10

product - 10

regional - 10

report - 10

price - 10

technology - 10

firms export - 10

inventory - 9

productivity dynamics - 9

manager - 9

plants industry - 9

multinational - 9

leverage - 9

exporting - 9

pollution abatement - 9

efficient - 9

quantity - 9

patent - 8

exogeneity - 8

employment dynamics - 8

shock - 8

salary - 8

aggregate productivity - 8

region - 8

regional economic - 8

tariff - 8

financial - 8

takeover - 7

investor - 7

shareholder - 7

layoff - 7

wholesale - 7

industry concentration - 7

trading - 7

microdata - 7

corporate - 7

labor productivity - 7

agency - 7

firms plants - 7

measures productivity - 7

agriculture - 7

finance - 7

management - 7

state - 7

productivity plants - 7

spending - 7

heterogeneity - 7

productivity differences - 7

practices productivity - 7

commodity - 7

endogenous - 7

incorporated - 7

polluting industries - 7

competitiveness - 7

refinery - 7

equity - 6

innovator - 6

productivity shocks - 6

monopolistically - 6

labor statistics - 6

outsourced - 6

plant employment - 6

country - 6

subsidy - 6

stock - 6

estimator - 6

productivity dispersion - 6

estimates productivity - 6

analysis productivity - 6

debt - 6

data - 6

respondent - 6

industrialized - 6

empirical - 6

estimates pollution - 6

agricultural - 6

regulated - 6

regulation productivity - 6

abatement expenditures - 6

researcher - 5

job - 5

labor markets - 5

specialization - 5

industry variation - 5

factor productivity - 5

hire - 5

outsourcing - 5

manufacturing plants - 5

fuel - 5

electricity - 5

energy - 5

consumer - 5

area - 5

geographically - 5

productivity estimates - 5

estimates production - 5

wages productivity - 5

managerial - 5

entrepreneurial - 5

invest - 5

union - 5

entrepreneurship - 5

estimates employment - 5

dispersion productivity - 5

wage regressions - 5

analysis - 5

data census - 5

volatility - 5

shift - 5

investing - 5

corporation - 5

plants firms - 5

restructuring - 5

conglomerate - 5

pollution regulation - 5

costs pollution - 5

environmental expenditures - 5

employment estimates - 5

producing - 5

employing - 5

plant - 5

patenting - 4

innovative - 4

autoregressive - 4

employment production - 4

diversification - 4

electricity prices - 4

tenure - 4

wage growth - 4

rate - 4

location - 4

reallocation productivity - 4

externality - 4

productivity analysis - 4

productivity size - 4

productivity firms - 4

manufacturing productivity - 4

disclosure - 4

firms grow - 4

industry employment - 4

elasticity - 4

employment distribution - 4

forecast - 4

venture - 4

acquirer - 4

gain - 4

average - 4

yield - 4

bankruptcy - 4

shipment - 4

firms exporting - 4

exporting firms - 4

bank - 4

wages production - 4

wage differences - 4

technology adoption - 4

supplier - 4

reporting - 4

datasets - 4

record - 4

utilization - 4

hiring - 4

good - 4

imputation - 4

sectoral - 4

manufacturing industries - 4

occupation - 4

ownership - 4

relocation - 4

workplace - 4

plant investment - 4

city - 4

prices products - 4

impact - 4

development - 4

regional industry - 4

regional industries - 4

agglomeration - 4

economic census - 4

population - 4

tech - 4

industry output - 4

longitudinal - 4

worker wages - 4

textile - 4

plants industries - 4

innovating - 3

industry heterogeneity - 3

growth employment - 3

strategic - 3

competitive - 3

energy prices - 3

energy efficiency - 3

renewable - 3

bias - 3

industry wages - 3

wage changes - 3

compensation - 3

policy - 3

utility - 3

oligopolistic - 3

effect wages - 3

geography - 3

growth productivity - 3

econometrically - 3

rural - 3

local economic - 3

executive - 3

entrepreneur - 3

security - 3

investment productivity - 3

share - 3

budget - 3

housing - 3

regress - 3

warehousing - 3

loan - 3

lender - 3

creditor - 3

regressing - 3

retailer - 3

census data - 3

study - 3

research - 3

statistician - 3

use census - 3

innovate - 3

fluctuation - 3

trend - 3

trade models - 3

custom - 3

financing - 3

international trade - 3

importing - 3

imported - 3

firms trade - 3

capital - 3

meat - 3

exogenous - 3

recessionary - 3

prospect - 3

productivity impacts - 3

agglomeration economies - 3

firms census - 3

census bureau - 3

oligopoly - 3

employment data - 3

employment statistics - 3

midwest - 3

enforcement - 3

computer - 3

indicator - 3

employment changes - 3

Viewing papers 1 through 10 of 183


  • Working Paper

    Private Equity and Workers: Modeling and Measuring Monopsony, Implicit Contracts, and Efficient Reallocation

    June 2025

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-25-37

    We measure the real effects of private equity buyouts on worker outcomes by building a new database that links transactions to matched employer-employee data in the United States. To guide our empirical analysis, we derive testable implications from three theories in which private equity managers alter worker outcomes: (1) exertion of monopsony power in concentrated markets, (2) breach of implicit contracts with targeted groups of workers, including managers and top earners, and (3) efficient reallocation of workers across plants. We do not find any evidence that private equity-backed firms vary wages and employment based on local labor market power proxies. Wage losses are also very similar for managers and top earners. Instead, we find strong evidence that private equity managers downsize less productive plants relative to productive plants while simultaneously reallocating high-wage workers to more productive plants. We conclude that post-buyout employment and wage dynamics are consistent with professional investors providing incentives to increase productivity and monitor the companies in which they invest.
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  • Working Paper

    Growth is Getting Harder to Find, Not Ideas

    April 2025

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-25-21

    Relatively flat US output growth versus rising numbers of US researchers is often interpreted as evidence that "ideas are getting harder to find." We build a new 46-year panel tracking the universe of U.S. firms' patenting to investigate the micro underpinnings of this claim, separately examining the relationships between research inputs and ideas (patents) versus ideas and growth. Over our sample period, we find that researchers' patenting productivity is increasing, there is little evidence of any secular decline in high-quality patenting common to all firms, and the link between patents and growth is present, differs by type of idea, and is fairly stable. On the other hand, we find strong evidence of secular decreases in output unrelated to patenting, suggesting an important role for other factors. Together, these results invite renewed empirical and theoretical attention to the impact of ideas on growth. To that end, our patent-firm bridge, which will be available to researchers with approved access, is used to produce new, public-use statistics on the Business Dynamics of Patenting Firms (BDS-PF).
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  • Working Paper

    The Effect of Oil News Shocks on Job Creation and Destruction

    January 2025

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-25-06

    Using data from the Annual Survey of Manufactures (ASM) and the Census of Manufacturing (CMF), we construct quarterly measures of job creation and destruction by 3-digit NAICS industries spanning from 1980Q3-2016Q4. These long series allow us to address three questions regarding the effect of oil news shocks. What is the average effect of oil news shocks on sectoral labor reallocation? What characteristics explain the observed heterogeneity in the average responses across industries? Has the response of US manufacturing changed over time? We find evidence that oil news shocks exert only a moderate effect on total manufacturing net employment growth but lead to a significant increase in job reallocation. However, we find a high degree of heterogeneity in responses across industries. We then show that the cross-industry variation in the sensitivity of net employment growth and excess job reallocation to oil news shocks is related to differences in energy costs, the rate of energy to capital expenditures, and the share of mature firms in the industry. Finally, we illustrate how the dynamic response of sectoral job creation and destruction to oil news shocks has declined since the mid-2000s.
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  • Working Paper

    Competition, Firm Innovation, and Growth under Imperfect Technology Spillovers

    July 2024

    Authors: Karam Jo, Seula Kim

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-24-40

    We study how friction in learning others' technology, termed 'imperfect technology spillovers,' incentivizes firms to use different types of innovation and impacts the implications of competition through changes in innovation composition. We build an endogenous growth model in which multi-product firms enhance their products via internal innovation and enter new product markets through external innovation. When learning others' technology takes time due to this friction, increased competitive pressure leads firms with technological advantages to intensify internal innovation to protect their markets, thereby reducing others' external innovation. Using the U.S. administrative firm-level data, we provide regression results supporting the model predictions. Our findings highlight the importance of strategic firm innovation choices and changes in their composition in shaping the aggregate implications of competition.
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  • Working Paper

    The Rise of Specialized Firms

    February 2024

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-24-06

    This paper studies firm diversification over 6-digit NAICS industries in U.S. manufacturing. We find that firms specializing in fewer industries now account for a substantially greater share of production than 40 years ago. This reallocation is a key driver of rising industry concentration. Specialized firms have displaced diversified firms among industry leaders'absent this reallocation concentration would have decreased. We then provide evidence that specialized firms produce higher-quality goods: specialized firms tend to charge higher unit prices and are more insulated against Chinese import competition. Based on our empirical findings, we propose a theory in which growth shifts demand toward specialized, high-quality firms, which eventually increases concentration. We conclude that one should expect rising industry concentration in a growing economy.
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  • Working Paper

    Collaborative Micro-productivity Project: Establishment-Level Productivity Dataset, 1972-2020

    December 2023

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-23-65

    We describe the process for building the Collaborative Micro-productivity Project (CMP) microdata and calculating establishment-level productivity numbers. The documentation is for version 7 and the data cover the years 1972-2020. These data have been used in numerous research papers and are used to create the experimental public-use data product Dispersion Statistics on Productivity (DiSP).
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  • Working Paper

    Outsourcing Dynamism

    December 2023

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-23-64

    This paper investigates the increasing importance of domestic outsourcing in U.S. manufacturing. Under domestic outsourcing, the agency is the employer of record for temporary workers, though they perform their tasks at the client business' premises. On a yearly basis, one in two manufacturing plants hires at least some of its workers through a temporary help agency. Furthermore, domestic outsourcing is becoming increasingly more important: the average share of revenue spent on such arrangements has gone up by 85 percent since 2006. We develop a methodology to transform reported expenses on temporary and leased workers into plant-level outsourced employment counts, using administrative data on the U.S. manufacturing sector. We find that domestic outsourcing is an important margin of adjustment that plants use to modify their workforce in response to productivity shocks. Plant-level outsourced employment adjusts more quickly and is twice as responsive as payroll employment. These micro implications have significant aggregate consequences. Without taking reallocations in outsourced employment into account, the measured pace at which jobs reallocate across workplaces is underestimated. On average, we omit the equivalent of 15 percent of payroll employment reallocations in each year. However, outsourced employment churns at a much higher rate compared to its payroll counterpart. Therefore, the omission of outsourced reallocations can rationalize 37 percent of the secular decline in the aggregate job reallocation rate. Lastly, the extent of mismeasurement varies with the business cycle; falling in downturns and increasing in upturns implying that the speed of economic recovery is underestimated.
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  • Working Paper

    Temperature and Local Industry Concentration

    October 2023

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-23-51

    We use plant-level data from the US Census of Manufacturers to study the short and long run effects of temperature on manufacturing activity. We document that temperature shocks significantly increase energy costs and lower the productivity of small manufacturing plants, while large plants are mostly unaffected. In US counties that experienced higher increases in average temperatures between the 1980s and the 2010s, these heterogeneous effects have led to higher concentration of manufacturing activity within large plants, and a reallocation of labor from small to large manufacturing establishments. We offer a preliminary discussion of potential mechanisms explaining why large manufacturing firms might be better equipped for long-run adaptation to climate change, including their ability to hedge across locations, easier access to finance, and higher managerial skills.
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  • Working Paper

    Technology Lock-In and Costs of Delayed Climate Policy

    July 2023

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-23-33

    This paper studies the implications of current energy prices for future energy efficiency and climate policy. Using U.S. Census microdata and quasi-experimental variation in energy prices, we first show that manufacturing plants that open when electricity prices are low consume more energy throughout their lifetime, regardless of current electricity prices. We then estimate that a persistent bias of technological change toward energy can explain the long-term effects of entry-year electricity prices on energy intensity. Overall, this 'technology lock-in' implies that increasing entry-year electricity prices by 10% would decrease a plant's energy intensity of production by 3% throughout its lifetime.
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  • Working Paper

    On The Role of Trademarks: From Micro Evidence to Macro Outcomes

    March 2023

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-23-16R

    What are the effects of trademarks on the U.S. economy? Evidence from comprehensive micro data on trademark registrations and outcomes for U.S. employer firms suggests that trademarks protect firm value and are linked to higher firm growth and marketing activity. Motivated by this evidence, trademarks are introduced in a general equilibrium framework to quantify their aggregate effects. Firms invest in product quality and engage in both informative and persuasive advertising to build a customer base subject to depreciation. Persuasive advertising induces a perception of higher quality. Firms can register trademarks to reduce customer depreciation and enhance product awareness. The model's predictions about trademark registrations, firm growth, and advertising expenditures align with the empirical evidence. The analysis shows that, compared to the counterfactual economy without trademarks, the U.S. economy with trademarks generates higher average product quality but lower variety, ultimately resulting in greater welfare and higher industry concentration. While informative advertising improves welfare, persuasive advertising reduces it. Nevertheless, the positive welfare impact of trademarks outweighs the negative effects of persuasive advertising.
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