CREAT: Census Research Exploration and Analysis Tool

Papers Containing Tag(s): 'Census of Manufacturing Firms'

The following papers contain search terms that you selected. From the papers listed below, you can navigate to the PDF, the profile page for that working paper, or see all the working papers written by an author. You can also explore tags, keywords, and authors that occur frequently within these papers.
Click here to search again

Frequently Occurring Concepts within this Search

Annual Survey of Manufactures - 60

Longitudinal Business Database - 60

North American Industry Classification System - 54

Census of Manufactures - 50

Total Factor Productivity - 41

National Bureau of Economic Research - 36

Standard Industrial Classification - 34

Center for Economic Studies - 33

Ordinary Least Squares - 32

Bureau of Economic Analysis - 32

Federal Statistical Research Data Center - 25

National Science Foundation - 24

Chicago Census Research Data Center - 24

Cobb-Douglas - 23

Census Bureau Disclosure Review Board - 21

Federal Reserve Bank - 21

Economic Census - 20

Longitudinal Firm Trade Transactions Database - 18

Special Sworn Status - 18

Bureau of Labor Statistics - 18

Standard Statistical Establishment List - 16

Internal Revenue Service - 15

Longitudinal Research Database - 14

Employer Identification Numbers - 12

Energy Information Administration - 11

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development - 11

Research Data Center - 10

Metropolitan Statistical Area - 10

Business Register - 10

Disclosure Review Board - 9

Environmental Protection Agency - 9

Service Annual Survey - 9

Federal Reserve System - 8

Generalized Method of Moments - 8

Herfindahl Hirschman Index - 8

Current Population Survey - 8

New York University - 7

University of Michigan - 7

Board of Governors - 7

Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey - 7

Duke University - 7

World Trade Organization - 7

Journal of Economic Literature - 7

Longitudinal Employer Household Dynamics - 7

World Bank - 7

Medical Expenditure Panel Survey - 7

Harmonized System - 6

County Business Patterns - 6

American Community Survey - 6

European Union - 6

Management and Organizational Practices Survey - 6

Securities and Exchange Commission - 6

North American Free Trade Agreement - 6

Department of Economics - 5

Department of Energy - 5

University of Maryland - 5

Boston College - 5

Patent and Trademark Office - 5

Census Bureau Longitudinal Business Database - 5

Kauffman Foundation - 5

Labor Productivity - 5

Retail Trade - 5

American Economic Association - 5

International Trade Research Report - 5

Social Security - 5

Michigan Institute for Teaching and Research in Economics - 5

Value Added - 4

E32 - 4

Harvard University - 4

Penn State University - 4

University of Toronto - 4

NBER Summer Institute - 4

Business Dynamics Statistics - 4

Federal Reserve Board of Governors - 4

Princeton University - 4

State Energy Data System - 4

Census Bureau Business Register - 4

Customs and Border Protection - 4

Information and Communication Technology Survey - 4

American Economic Review - 4

Foreign Direct Investment - 4

North American Industry Classi - 4

Auxiliary Establishment Survey - 4

TFPQ - 4

International Standard Industrial Classification - 4

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality - 4

Census Bureau Center for Economic Studies - 3

National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics - 3

Social Science Research Institute - 3

Department of Homeland Security - 3

Herfindahl-Hirschman - 3

Columbia University - 3

Quarterly Journal of Economics - 3

Journal of Econometrics - 3

Journal of Economic Perspectives - 3

Wholesale Trade - 3

IBM - 3

University of Chicago - 3

Cornell University - 3

Business R&D and Innovation Survey - 3

Survey of Manufacturing Technology - 3

Commodity Flow Survey - 3

Center for Research in Security Prices - 3

Alfred P Sloan Foundation - 3

National Income and Product Accounts - 3

New York Times - 3

Department of Labor - 3

Pollution Abatement Costs and Expenditures - 3

Bureau of Labor - 3

Permanent Plant Number - 3

manufacturing - 44

production - 43

industrial - 29

market - 29

macroeconomic - 27

export - 26

econometric - 26

produce - 24

gdp - 23

growth - 22

expenditure - 22

economically - 21

sale - 20

labor - 19

manufacturer - 18

demand - 18

innovation - 16

revenue - 16

employ - 15

exporter - 15

economist - 14

estimating - 14

spillover - 14

import - 14

efficiency - 14

company - 13

enterprise - 13

sector - 13

investment - 13

recession - 11

factory - 10

endogeneity - 10

multinational - 10

acquisition - 10

technological - 9

employed - 9

exporting - 9

exported - 9

consumption - 9

emission - 9

payroll - 9

incentive - 9

employee - 9

workforce - 9

earnings - 9

leverage - 9

estimation - 8

quarterly - 8

monopolistically - 8

productivity growth - 8

labor productivity - 8

trading - 8

electricity - 8

epa - 8

productive - 8

product - 8

merger - 8

employment growth - 7

subsidiary - 7

monopolistic - 7

tariff - 7

energy - 7

patent - 7

profit - 7

aggregate productivity - 7

efficient - 7

organizational - 7

regression - 7

depreciation - 7

industry productivity - 7

wages productivity - 6

labor markets - 6

endogenous - 6

aggregate - 6

importer - 6

fuel - 6

factor productivity - 6

energy efficiency - 6

plant productivity - 6

financial - 6

finance - 6

firms productivity - 6

firms export - 6

debt - 6

specialization - 5

country - 5

outsourcing - 5

imported - 5

statistical - 5

survey - 5

corporate - 5

salary - 5

regulatory - 5

renewable - 5

energy prices - 5

patenting - 5

consumer - 5

stock - 5

regulation - 5

econometrician - 5

plants industry - 5

accounting - 5

technology - 5

cost - 5

equity - 5

share - 5

bankruptcy - 5

development - 5

worker - 5

invention - 4

innovate - 4

productivity dynamics - 4

exogeneity - 4

outsourced - 4

gain - 4

exogenous - 4

importing - 4

supplier - 4

globalization - 4

competitor - 4

industry variation - 4

productivity measures - 4

utility - 4

wage growth - 4

invest - 4

custom - 4

sourcing - 4

firms trade - 4

firms plants - 4

manufacturing productivity - 4

borrowing - 4

commodity - 4

takeover - 4

investor - 4

trend - 4

productivity dispersion - 4

union - 4

productivity plants - 4

firms exporting - 4

loan - 4

creditor - 4

heterogeneity - 4

inventory - 4

data - 4

corporation - 4

researcher - 4

hiring - 4

conglomerate - 4

producing - 4

pollution - 4

environmental - 4

pollutant - 4

polluting - 4

incorporated - 4

profitability - 4

regressors - 3

productivity shocks - 3

employment dynamics - 3

shock - 3

regional - 3

region - 3

multinational firms - 3

productivity estimates - 3

productivity size - 3

shipment - 3

trader - 3

disclosure - 3

imputation - 3

strategic - 3

wholesale - 3

industry concentration - 3

microdata - 3

labor statistics - 3

level productivity - 3

customer - 3

policy - 3

saving - 3

pricing - 3

electricity prices - 3

manager - 3

tenure - 3

bias - 3

industry wages - 3

productivity wage - 3

effect wages - 3

international trade - 3

report - 3

establishment - 3

forecast - 3

warehousing - 3

exporting firms - 3

acquirer - 3

econometrically - 3

trends labor - 3

yield - 3

agency - 3

bankrupt - 3

exports firms - 3

lending - 3

bank - 3

lender - 3

liquidation - 3

credit - 3

collateral - 3

firms patents - 3

research - 3

occupation - 3

shareholder - 3

good - 3

respondent - 3

insurance - 3

insurance coverage - 3

Viewing papers 1 through 10 of 102


  • Working Paper

    The Rise of Industrial AI in America: Microfoundations of the Productivity J-curve(s)

    April 2025

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-25-27

    We examine the prevalence and productivity dynamics of artificial intelligence (AI) in American manufacturing. Working with the Census Bureau to collect detailed large-scale data for 2017 and 2021, we focus on AI-related technologies with industrial applications. We find causal evidence of J-curve-shaped returns, where short-term performance losses precede longer-term gains. Consistent with costly adjustment taking place within core production processes, industrial AI use increases work-in-progress inventory, investment in industrial robots, and labor shedding, while harming productivity and profitability in the short run. These losses are unevenly distributed, concentrating among older businesses while being mitigated by growth-oriented business strategies and within-firm spillovers. Dynamics, however, matter: earlier (pre-2017) adopters exhibit stronger growth over time, conditional on survival. Notably, among older establishments, abandonment of structured production-management practices accounts for roughly one-third of these losses, revealing a specific channel through which intangible factors shape AI's impact. Taken together, these results provide novel evidence on the microfoundations of technology J-curves, identifying mechanisms and illuminating how and why they differ across firm types. These findings extend our understanding of modern General Purpose Technologies, explaining why their economic impact'exemplified here by AI'may initially disappoint, particularly in contexts dominated by older, established firms.
    View Full Paper PDF
  • Working Paper

    The Effect of Oil News Shocks on Job Creation and Destruction

    January 2025

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-25-06

    Using data from the Annual Survey of Manufactures (ASM) and the Census of Manufacturing (CMF), we construct quarterly measures of job creation and destruction by 3-digit NAICS industries spanning from 1980Q3-2016Q4. These long series allow us to address three questions regarding the effect of oil news shocks. What is the average effect of oil news shocks on sectoral labor reallocation? What characteristics explain the observed heterogeneity in the average responses across industries? Has the response of US manufacturing changed over time? We find evidence that oil news shocks exert only a moderate effect on total manufacturing net employment growth but lead to a significant increase in job reallocation. However, we find a high degree of heterogeneity in responses across industries. We then show that the cross-industry variation in the sensitivity of net employment growth and excess job reallocation to oil news shocks is related to differences in energy costs, the rate of energy to capital expenditures, and the share of mature firms in the industry. Finally, we illustrate how the dynamic response of sectoral job creation and destruction to oil news shocks has declined since the mid-2000s.
    View Full Paper PDF
  • Working Paper

    Multinational Production and Innovation in Tandem

    October 2024

    Authors: Jin Liu

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-24-64

    Multinational firms colocate production and innovation by offshoring them to the same host country or region. In this paper, I examine the determinants of multinational firms' production and innovation locations. Exploiting plausibly exogenous variations in tariffs, I find complementarities between production and innovation within host countries and regions. To evaluate manufacturing reshoring policies, I develop a quantitative multicountry offshoring location choice model. I allow for rich colocation benefits and cross-country interdependencies and prove supermodularity of the model to solve this otherwise NP-hard problem. I find the effects of manufacturing reshoring policies are nonlinear, contingent upon firm heterogeneity, and they accumulate dynamically.
    View Full Paper PDF
  • Working Paper

    Entry Costs Rise with Growth

    October 2024

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-24-63

    Over time and across states in the U.S., the number of firms is more closely tied to overall employment than to output per worker. In many models of firm dynamics, trade, and growth with a free entry condition, these facts imply that the costs of creating a new firm increase sharply with productivity growth. This increase in entry costs can stem from the rising cost of labor used in entry and weak or negative knowledge spillovers from prior entry. Our findings suggest that productivity-enhancing policies will not induce firm entry, thereby limiting the total impact of such policies on welfare.
    View Full Paper PDF
  • Working Paper

    Aggregation Bias in the Measurement of U.S. Global Value Chains

    September 2024

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-24-49

    This paper measures global value chain (GVC) activity, defined as imported content of exports, of U.S. manufacturing plants between 2002 and 2012. We assesses the extent of aggregation bias that arises from relying on industry-level exports, imports, and output to establish three results. First, GVC activity based on industry-level data underestimate the actual degree of GVC engagement by ignoring potential correlations between import and export activities across plants within industries. Second, the bias grew over the sample period. Finally, unlike with industry-level measures, we find little slowdown in GVC integration by U.S. manufacturers.
    View Full Paper PDF
  • Working Paper

    Empirical Distribution of the Plant-Level Components of Energy and Carbon Intensity at the Six-digit NAICS Level Using a Modified KAYA Identity

    September 2024

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-24-46

    Three basic pillars of industry-level decarbonization are energy efficiency, decarbonization of energy sources, and electrification. This paper provides estimates of a decomposition of these three components of carbon emissions by industry: energy intensity, carbon intensity of energy, and energy (fuel) mix. These estimates are constructed at the six-digit NAICS level from non-public, plant-level data collected by the Census Bureau. Four quintiles of the distribution of each of the three components are constructed, using multiple imputation (MI) to deal with non-reported energy variables in the Census data. MI allows the estimates to avoid non-reporting bias. MI also allows more six-digit NAICS to be estimated under Census non-disclosure rules, since dropping non-reported observations may have reduced the sample sizes unnecessarily. The estimates show wide variation in each of these three components of emissions (intensity) and provide a first empirical look into the plant-level variation that underlies carbon emissions.
    View Full Paper PDF
  • Working Paper

    Competition, Firm Innovation, and Growth under Imperfect Technology Spillovers

    July 2024

    Authors: Karam Jo, Seula Kim

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-24-40

    We study how friction in learning others' technology, termed 'imperfect technology spillovers,' incentivizes firms to use different types of innovation and impacts the implications of competition through changes in innovation composition. We build an endogenous growth model in which multi-product firms enhance their products via internal innovation and enter new product markets through external innovation. When learning others' technology takes time due to this friction, increased competitive pressure leads firms with technological advantages to intensify internal innovation to protect their markets, thereby reducing others' external innovation. Using the U.S. administrative firm-level data, we provide regression results supporting the model predictions. Our findings highlight the importance of strategic firm innovation choices and changes in their composition in shaping the aggregate implications of competition.
    View Full Paper PDF
  • Working Paper

    The Rise of Specialized Firms

    February 2024

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-24-06

    This paper studies firm diversification over 6-digit NAICS industries in U.S. manufacturing. We find that firms specializing in fewer industries now account for a substantially greater share of production than 40 years ago. This reallocation is a key driver of rising industry concentration. Specialized firms have displaced diversified firms among industry leaders'absent this reallocation concentration would have decreased. We then provide evidence that specialized firms produce higher-quality goods: specialized firms tend to charge higher unit prices and are more insulated against Chinese import competition. Based on our empirical findings, we propose a theory in which growth shifts demand toward specialized, high-quality firms, which eventually increases concentration. We conclude that one should expect rising industry concentration in a growing economy.
    View Full Paper PDF
  • Working Paper

    Collaborative Micro-productivity Project: Establishment-Level Productivity Dataset, 1972-2020

    December 2023

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-23-65

    We describe the process for building the Collaborative Micro-productivity Project (CMP) microdata and calculating establishment-level productivity numbers. The documentation is for version 7 and the data cover the years 1972-2020. These data have been used in numerous research papers and are used to create the experimental public-use data product Dispersion Statistics on Productivity (DiSP).
    View Full Paper PDF
  • Working Paper

    The Impact of Industrial Opt-Out from Utility Sponsored Energy Efficiency Programs

    October 2023

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-23-52

    Industry accounts for one-third of energy consumption in the US. Studies suggest that energy efficiency opportunities represent a potential energy resource for regulated utilities and have resulted in rate of return regulated demand-side management (DSM) and energy efficiency (EE) programs. However, many large customers are allowed to self-direct or opt-out. In the Carolinas (NC and SC), over half of industrial and large commercial customers have selected to opt out. Although these customers claim they invest in EE improvements when it is economic and cost-effective to do so, there is no mechanism to validate whether they actually achieved energy savings. This project examines the industrial energy efficiency between the program participants and non participants in the Carolinas by utilizing the non-public Census of Manufacturing data and the public list of firms that have chosen to opt out. We compare the relative energy efficiency between the stay-in and opt-out plants. The t-test results suggest opt-out plants are less efficient. However, the opt-out decisions are not random; large plants or plants belonging to large firms are more likely to opt out, possibly because they have more information and resources. We conduct a propensity score matching method to account for factors that could affect the opt-out decisions. We find that the opt-out plants perform at least as well or slightly better than the stay-in plants. The relative performance of the opt-out firms suggest that they may not need utility program resources to obtain similar levels of efficiency from the stay-in group.
    View Full Paper PDF