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Papers Containing Tag(s): 'Longitudinal Employer Household Dynamics'

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Bureau of Labor Statistics - 95

Longitudinal Business Database - 91

National Science Foundation - 90

Alfred P Sloan Foundation - 89

North American Industry Classification System - 85

Current Population Survey - 85

American Community Survey - 77

Internal Revenue Service - 76

Employer Identification Numbers - 74

Census Bureau Disclosure Review Board - 72

Social Security Administration - 60

Quarterly Workforce Indicators - 60

Unemployment Insurance - 59

Center for Economic Studies - 56

Decennial Census - 54

Ordinary Least Squares - 53

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Business Register - 42

Cornell University - 41

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Survey of Income and Program Participation - 36

National Bureau of Economic Research - 33

Research Data Center - 33

Social Security - 32

Census Bureau Business Register - 31

LEHD Program - 31

Economic Census - 30

Individual Characteristics File - 29

Employment History File - 28

Employer Characteristics File - 27

National Institute on Aging - 27

Local Employment Dynamics - 25

Federal Reserve Bank - 24

AKM - 24

Chicago Census Research Data Center - 23

Standard Statistical Establishment List - 23

Business Dynamics Statistics - 22

Department of Labor - 22

Bureau of Economic Analysis - 22

2010 Census - 19

Cornell Institute for Social and Economic Research - 19

Service Annual Survey - 19

W-2 - 18

University of Chicago - 17

University of Maryland - 17

Census of Manufactures - 16

County Business Patterns - 16

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PSID - 16

Annual Survey of Manufactures - 16

Special Sworn Status - 15

Person Validation System - 15

Office of Personnel Management - 14

Business Register Bridge - 14

Employer-Household Dynamics - 14

Master Address File - 14

Business Employment Dynamics - 14

Total Factor Productivity - 13

Census Numident - 13

American Economic Review - 13

American Economic Association - 13

National Longitudinal Survey of Youth - 13

Census Bureau Longitudinal Business Database - 13

Composite Person Record - 12

University of Michigan - 12

Technical Services - 11

Successor Predecessor File - 11

Department of Economics - 11

Journal of Labor Economics - 11

Postal Service - 11

Financial, Insurance and Real Estate Industries - 11

National Center for Health Statistics - 10

Patent and Trademark Office - 10

Office of Management and Budget - 10

Indian Health Service - 10

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Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development - 10

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Labor Turnover Survey - 10

Housing and Urban Development - 9

Sloan Foundation - 9

Quarterly Journal of Economics - 9

Project on Impact Investments - 8

Integrated Public Use Microdata Series - 8

Department of Homeland Security - 8

Disability Insurance - 8

Accommodation and Food Services - 8

New York Times - 8

COVID-19 - 8

Journal of Political Economy - 8

Integrated Longitudinal Business Database - 8

Department of Housing and Urban Development - 8

Duke University - 8

American Housing Survey - 8

North American Industry Classi - 8

Business Master File - 8

Federal Reserve System - 7

Herfindahl Hirschman Index - 7

Educational Services - 7

NBER Summer Institute - 7

Urban Institute - 7

Michigan Institute for Teaching and Research in Economics - 7

Columbia University - 7

Review of Economics and Statistics - 7

Center for Research in Security Prices - 7

Journal of Economic Literature - 7

Occupational Employment Statistics - 7

New York University - 7

Person Identification Validation System - 7

Data Management System - 7

National Institutes of Health - 7

Survey of Business Owners - 7

MIT Press - 7

Harvard University - 7

Census Bureau Business Dynamics Statistics - 7

Small Business Administration - 7

Federal Tax Information - 7

Census of Manufacturing Firms - 7

Company Organization Survey - 7

United States Census Bureau - 7

Longitudinal Research Database - 7

BLS Handbook of Methods - 7

Census 2000 - 7

JOLTS - 7

Standard Occupational Classification - 6

Agriculture, Forestry - 6

Health Care and Social Assistance - 6

University of Toronto - 6

Stanford University - 6

Generalized Method of Moments - 6

IZA - 6

North American Free Trade Agreement - 6

CDF - 6

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Society of Labor Economists - 6

Council of Economic Advisers - 6

Securities and Exchange Commission - 6

Survey of Industrial Research and Development - 6

Probability Density Function - 6

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality - 6

Characteristics of Business Owners - 6

Health and Retirement Study - 6

University of California Los Angeles - 6

Journal of Econometrics - 6

Initial Public Offering - 6

Census Bureau Center for Economic Studies - 6

Boston College - 5

Wholesale Trade - 5

Public Administration - 5

Ohio State University - 5

MAF-ARF - 5

Annual Survey of Entrepreneurs - 5

2SLS - 5

Department of Defense - 5

Department of Health and Human Services - 5

ASEC - 5

Bureau of Labor - 5

Business Services - 5

University of Minnesota - 5

UC Berkeley - 5

Cobb-Douglas - 5

Information and Communication Technology Survey - 5

Russell Sage Foundation - 5

CAAA - 5

Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation - 5

Environmental Protection Agency - 5

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World Trade Organization - 4

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Earned Income Tax Credit - 4

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SSA Numident - 4

Pew Research Center - 4

George Mason University - 4

Board of Governors - 4

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - 4

Census Industry Code - 4

Detailed Earnings Records - 4

HHS - 4

Arts, Entertainment - 4

Medical Expenditure Panel Survey - 4

Center for Administrative Records Research - 4

National Employer Survey - 4

Journal of Economic Perspectives - 4

Georgetown University - 4

National Ambient Air Quality Standards - 4

Current Employment Statistics - 4

Social and Economic Supplement - 4

Center for Administrative Records Research and Applications - 4

Kauffman Firm Survey - 4

Statistics Canada - 4

Public Use Micro Sample - 4

National Research Council - 4

WECD - 4

General Accounting Office - 3

Economic Research Service - 3

PIKed - 3

Review of Economic Studies - 3

Herfindahl-Hirschman - 3

Geographic Information Systems - 3

Net Present Value - 3

Princeton University - 3

Medicaid Services - 3

Social Science Research Institute - 3

Master Beneficiary Record - 3

Computer Assisted Personal Interview - 3

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program - 3

World Bank - 3

1940 Census - 3

Yale University - 3

National Income and Product Accounts - 3

Temporary Assistance for Needy Families - 3

Harvard Business School - 3

National Opinion Research Center - 3

Business Research and Development and Innovation Survey - 3

Federal Reserve Board of Governors - 3

Department of Energy - 3

IQR - 3

American Immigration Council - 3

Business R&D and Innovation Survey - 3

European Union - 3

Commodity Flow Survey - 3

United Nations - 3

NUMIDENT - 3

Securities Data Company - 3

Labor Productivity - 3

Establishment Micro Properties - 3

Foreign Direct Investment - 3

Permanent Plant Number - 3

employ - 122

employed - 121

workforce - 118

employee - 100

labor - 99

earnings - 76

payroll - 59

recession - 56

worker - 53

hiring - 44

job - 41

economist - 40

salary - 40

survey - 35

econometric - 34

quarterly - 34

unemployed - 33

entrepreneurship - 33

entrepreneur - 32

hire - 31

census employment - 31

endogeneity - 30

heterogeneity - 30

tenure - 30

earner - 29

workplace - 26

employment dynamics - 26

census bureau - 26

estimating - 25

venture - 24

occupation - 23

longitudinal - 23

employment statistics - 23

employing - 23

agency - 23

layoff - 22

longitudinal employer - 22

earn - 22

statistical - 21

employer household - 21

employee data - 21

employment data - 20

entrepreneurial - 20

data - 20

respondent - 19

acquisition - 18

turnover - 18

data census - 18

census data - 18

employment estimates - 17

employment growth - 17

revenue - 17

report - 17

incentive - 16

company - 16

immigrant - 16

residential - 16

residence - 16

economic census - 16

research census - 16

shift - 15

enterprise - 15

discrimination - 14

innovation - 14

macroeconomic - 14

aging - 14

disadvantaged - 13

ethnicity - 13

population - 13

housing - 13

employment earnings - 13

industrial - 13

employment count - 13

metropolitan - 13

investment - 12

bias - 12

segregation - 12

researcher - 12

work census - 12

establishment - 12

ethnic - 12

migrant - 12

unemployment rates - 12

opportunity - 12

rent - 12

estimation - 12

analysis - 12

workforce indicators - 12

labor statistics - 12

minority - 11

socioeconomic - 11

neighborhood - 11

growth - 11

patent - 11

compensation - 11

immigration - 11

migration - 11

organizational - 11

finance - 11

employment wages - 11

workers earnings - 11

econometrician - 11

wage data - 11

disclosure - 11

estimates employment - 11

founder - 11

endogenous - 10

unobserved - 10

labor markets - 10

trend - 10

worker demographics - 10

prospect - 10

mobility - 10

economically - 10

state - 10

retirement - 10

regress - 10

accounting - 10

microdata - 10

earnings workers - 10

clerical - 10

expenditure - 9

relocation - 9

employment trends - 9

poverty - 9

imputation - 9

resident - 9

insurance - 9

wealth - 9

welfare - 9

matching - 9

earnings employees - 9

datasets - 9

sector - 9

investor - 8

profit - 8

funding - 8

spillover - 8

relocate - 8

patenting - 8

innovative - 8

wages employment - 8

wage growth - 8

employment unemployment - 8

hispanic - 8

migrate - 8

record - 8

irs - 8

tax - 8

corporate - 8

use census - 8

innovate - 8

statistician - 8

bankruptcy - 8

employment measures - 8

proprietor - 8

department - 8

census survey - 8

employment flows - 8

disparity - 7

black - 7

race - 7

inventory - 7

trends employment - 7

migrating - 7

manufacturing - 7

filing - 7

moving - 7

intergenerational - 7

leverage - 7

earnings age - 7

study - 7

debt - 7

research - 7

recession employment - 7

database - 7

startup - 7

state employment - 7

proprietorship - 7

censuses surveys - 7

market - 6

racial - 6

ssa - 6

home - 6

earnings growth - 6

refugee - 6

medicaid - 6

information census - 6

associate - 6

earnings inequality - 6

gdp - 6

household surveys - 6

pension - 6

effects employment - 6

federal - 6

effect wages - 6

unemployment insurance - 6

wages productivity - 6

census research - 6

linked census - 6

census business - 6

competitor - 6

measures employment - 6

privacy - 6

wage changes - 6

wage variation - 6

merger - 6

employment effects - 5

financial - 5

financing - 5

impact - 5

maternal - 5

commute - 5

invention - 5

innovator - 5

younger firms - 5

firms young - 5

immigrant workers - 5

export - 5

woman - 5

corporation - 5

renter - 5

worker wages - 5

transition - 5

native - 5

regressing - 5

executive - 5

aggregate - 5

saving - 5

model - 5

union - 5

startups employees - 5

wage earnings - 5

industry employment - 5

citizen - 5

confidentiality - 5

decline - 5

recessionary - 5

restructuring - 5

employment entrepreneurship - 5

coverage - 5

shareholder - 4

enrollment - 4

family - 4

wage effects - 4

urban - 4

city - 4

technological - 4

employment distribution - 4

immigrated - 4

relocating - 4

exporter - 4

multinational - 4

segregated - 4

neighbor - 4

incorporated - 4

geographically - 4

fund - 4

institutional - 4

insured - 4

exogeneity - 4

increase employment - 4

impact employment - 4

estimator - 4

assessed - 4

income data - 4

wage industries - 4

contract - 4

demand - 4

productivity wage - 4

coverage employer - 4

labor productivity - 4

yearly - 4

startup firms - 4

emission - 4

pollution - 4

indicator - 4

statistical disclosure - 4

information - 4

heterogeneous - 4

statistical agencies - 4

takeover - 3

equity - 3

subsidy - 3

mother - 3

suburb - 3

innovating - 3

firms patents - 3

patents firms - 3

patenting firms - 3

specialization - 3

wage regressions - 3

mexican - 3

generation - 3

lender - 3

homeowner - 3

taxation - 3

graduate - 3

medicare - 3

birth - 3

parent - 3

career - 3

analyst - 3

industry wages - 3

wage differences - 3

creditor - 3

loan - 3

percentile - 3

manager - 3

mortality - 3

enforcement - 3

policy - 3

reporting - 3

econometrically - 3

diversification - 3

strategic - 3

business data - 3

businesses census - 3

census years - 3

sale - 3

pollutant - 3

pollution exposure - 3

regional - 3

employment changes - 3

profitability - 3

ownership - 3

empirical - 3

acquirer - 3

census file - 3

bankrupt - 3

productivity growth - 3

enrollee - 3

average - 3

discrepancy - 3

employees startups - 3

2010 census - 3

regression - 3

employment recession - 3

decade - 3

sociology - 3

corp - 3

nonemployer businesses - 3

network - 3

exemption - 3

regressors - 3

retiree - 3

measure - 3

uninsured - 3

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Viewing papers 1 through 10 of 236


  • Working Paper

    Private Equity and Workers: Modeling and Measuring Monopsony, Implicit Contracts, and Efficient Reallocation

    June 2025

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-25-37

    We measure the real effects of private equity buyouts on worker outcomes by building a new database that links transactions to matched employer-employee data in the United States. To guide our empirical analysis, we derive testable implications from three theories in which private equity managers alter worker outcomes: (1) exertion of monopsony power in concentrated markets, (2) breach of implicit contracts with targeted groups of workers, including managers and top earners, and (3) efficient reallocation of workers across plants. We do not find any evidence that private equity-backed firms vary wages and employment based on local labor market power proxies. Wage losses are also very similar for managers and top earners. Instead, we find strong evidence that private equity managers downsize less productive plants relative to productive plants while simultaneously reallocating high-wage workers to more productive plants. We conclude that post-buyout employment and wage dynamics are consistent with professional investors providing incentives to increase productivity and monitor the companies in which they invest.
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  • Working Paper

    Impact Investing and Worker Outcomes

    May 2025

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-25-30

    Impact investors claim to distinguish themselves from traditional venture capital and growth equity investors by also pursuing environmental, social, and governance (ESG) objectives. Whether they successfully do so in practice is unclear. We use confidential Census Bureau microdata to assess worker outcomes across portfolio companies. Impact investors are more likely than other private equity firms to fund businesses in economically disadvantaged areas, and the performance of these companies lags behind those held by traditional private investors. We show that post-funding impact-backed firms are more likely to hire minorities, unskilled workers, and individuals with lower historical earnings, perhaps reflecting the higher representation of minorities in top positions. They also allocate wage increases more favorably to minorities and rank-and-file workers than VC-backed firms. Our results are consistent with impact investors and their portfolio companies acting according to non-pecuniary social goals and thus are not consistent with mere window dressing or cosmetic changes.
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  • Working Paper

    The Impact of Childcare Costs on Mothers' Labor Force Participation

    April 2025

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-25-25

    The rising costs of childcare pose challenges for families, leading to difficult choices including those impacting mothers' labor force participation. This paper investigates the relationship between childcare costs and maternal employment. Using data from the National Database of Childcare Prices, the American Community Survey, and the Longitudinal Employer Household Dynamics, we estimate the impact of childcare costs on mothers' labor force participation through two empirical strategies. A fixed-effects approach controls for geographic and temporal heterogeneity in costs as well as mothers' idiosyncratic preferences for work and childcare, while an instrumental variables approach addresses the endogeneity of mothers' preferences for work and childcare by leveraging exogenous geographic and temporal variation in childcare licensing requirements. Our findings across both research designs indicate that higher childcare costs reduce labor force participation among mothers, with lower-income mothers exhibiting greater responsiveness to changes in childcare costs.
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  • Working Paper

    Re-assessing the Spatial Mismatch Hypothesis

    April 2025

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-25-23

    We use detailed location information from the Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics (LEHD) database to develop new evidence on the effects of spatial mismatch on the relative earnings of Black workers in large US cities. We classify workplaces by the size of the pay premiums they offer in a two-way fixed effects model, providing a simple metric for defining 'good' jobs. We show that: (a) Black workers earn nearly the same average wage premiums as whites; (b) in most cities Black workers live closer to jobs, and closer to good jobs, than do whites; (c) Black workers typically commute shorter distances than whites; and (d) people who commute further earn higher average pay premiums, but the elasticity with respect to distance traveled is slightly lower for Black workers. We conclude that geographic proximity to good jobs is unlikely to be a major source of the racial earnings gaps in major U.S. cities today.
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  • Working Paper

    Size Matters: Matching Externalities and the Advantages of Large Labor Markets

    April 2025

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-25-22

    Economists have long hypothesized that large and thick labor markets facilitate the matching between workers and firms. We use administrative data from the LEHD to compare the job search outcomes of workers originally in large and small markets who lost their jobs due to a firm closure. We define a labor market as the Commuting Zone'industry pair in the quarter before the closure. To account for the possible sorting of high-quality workers into larger markets, the effect of market size is identified by comparing workers in large and small markets within the same CZ, conditional on workers fixed effects. In the six quarters before their firm's closure, workers in small and large markets have a similar probability of employment and quarterly earnings. Following the closure, workers in larger markets experience significantly shorter non-employment spells and smaller earning losses than workers in smaller markets, indicating that larger markets partially insure workers against idiosyncratic employment shocks. A 1 percent increase in market size results in a 0.015 and 0.023 percentage points increase in the 1-year re-employment probability of high school and college graduates, respectively. Displaced workers in larger markets also experience a significantly lower need for relocation to a different CZ. Conditional on finding a new job, the quality of the new worker-firm match is higher in larger markets, as proxied by a higher probability that the new match lasts more than one year; the new industry is the same as the old one; and the new industry is a 'good fit' for the worker's college major. Consistent with the notion that market size should be particularly consequential for more specialized workers, we find that the effects are larger in industries where human capital is more specialized and less portable. Our findings may help explain the geographical agglomeration of industries'especially those that make intensive use of highly specialized workers'and validate one of the mechanisms that urban economists have proposed for the existence of agglomeration economies.
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  • Working Paper

    Growth is Getting Harder to Find, Not Ideas

    April 2025

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-25-21

    Relatively flat US output growth versus rising numbers of US researchers is often interpreted as evidence that "ideas are getting harder to find." We build a new 46-year panel tracking the universe of U.S. firms' patenting to investigate the micro underpinnings of this claim, separately examining the relationships between research inputs and ideas (patents) versus ideas and growth. Over our sample period, we find that researchers' patenting productivity is increasing, there is little evidence of any secular decline in high-quality patenting common to all firms, and the link between patents and growth is present, differs by type of idea, and is fairly stable. On the other hand, we find strong evidence of secular decreases in output unrelated to patenting, suggesting an important role for other factors. Together, these results invite renewed empirical and theoretical attention to the impact of ideas on growth. To that end, our patent-firm bridge, which will be available to researchers with approved access, is used to produce new, public-use statistics on the Business Dynamics of Patenting Firms (BDS-PF).
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  • Working Paper

    The Composition of Firm Workforces from 2006'2022: Findings from the Business Dynamics Statistics of Human Capital Experimental Product

    April 2025

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-25-20

    We introduce the Business Dynamics Statistics of Human Capital (BDS-HC) tables, a new Census Bureau experimental product that provides public-use statistics on the workforce composition of firms and its relationship to business dynamics. We use administrative W-2 filings to combine population-level worker demographic data with longitudinal business data to estimate the demographic and educational composition of nearly all non-farm employer businesses in the United States between 2006 and 2022. We use this newly constructed data to document the evolution of employment, entry, and exit of employers based on their workforce compositions. We also provide new statistics on the interaction between firm and worker characteristics, including the composition of workers at startup firms. We find substantial changes between 2006 and 2022 in the distribution of employers along several dimensions, primarily driven by changing workforce compositions within continuing firms rather than the reallocation of employment between firms. We also highlight systematic differences in the business dynamics of firms by their workforce compositions, suggesting that different groups of workers face different economic environments due to their employers.
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  • Working Paper

    Work Organization and Cumulative Advantage

    March 2025

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-25-18

    Over decades of wage stagnation, researchers have argued that reorganizing work can boost pay for disadvantaged workers. But upgrading jobs could inadvertently shift hiring away from those workers, exacerbating their disadvantage. We theorize how work organization affects cumulative advantage in the labor market, or the extent to which high-paying positions are increasingly allocated to already-advantaged workers. Specifically, raising technical skill demands exacerbates cumulative advantage by shifting hiring towards higher-skilled applicants. In contrast, when employers increase autonomy or skills learned on-the-job, they raise wages to buy worker consent or commitment, rather than pre-existing skill. To test this idea, we match administrative earnings to task descriptions from job posts. We compare earnings for workers hired into the same occupation and firm, but under different task allocations. When employers raise complexity and autonomy, new hires' starting earnings increase and grow faster. However, while the earnings boost from complex, technical tasks shifts employment toward workers with higher prior earnings, worker selection changes less for tasks learned on-the-job and very little for high autonomy tasks. These results demonstrate how reorganizing work can interrupt cumulative advantage.
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  • Working Paper

    Workers' Job Prospects and Young Firm Dynamics

    January 2025

    Authors: Seula Kim

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-25-09

    This paper investigates how worker beliefs and job prospects impact the wages and growth of young firms, as well as the aggregate economy. Building a heterogeneous-firm directed search model where workers gradually learn about firm types, I find that learning generates endogenous wage differentials for young firms. High-performing young firms must pay higher wages than equally high-performing old firms, while low-performing young firms offer lower wages than equally low-performing old firms. Reduced uncertainty or labor market frictions lower the wage differentials, thereby enhancing young firm dynamics and aggregate productivity. The results are consistent with U.S. administrative employee-employer matched data.
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  • Working Paper

    Places versus People: The Ins and Outs of Labor Market Adjustment to Globalization

    December 2024

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-24-78

    We analyze the distinct adjustment paths of U.S. labor markets (places) and U.S. workers (people) to increased Chinese import competition during the 2000s. Using comprehensive register data for 2000'2019, we document that employment levels more than fully rebound in trade-exposed places after 2010, while employment-to-population ratios remain depressed and manufacturing employment further atrophies. The adjustment of places to trade shocks is generational: affected areas recover primarily by adding workers to non-manufacturing who were below working age when the shock occurred. Entrants are disproportionately native-born Hispanics, foreign-born immigrants, women, and the college-educated, who find employment in relatively low-wage service sectors like medical services, education, retail, and hospitality. Using the panel structure of the employer-employee data, we decompose changes in the employment composition of places into trade-induced shifts in the gross flows of people across sectors, locations, and non-employment status. Contrary to standard models, trade shocks reduce geographic mobility, with both in- and out-migration remaining depressed through 2019. The employment recovery instead stems almost entirely from young adults and foreign-born immigrants taking their first U.S. jobs in affected areas, with minimal contributions from cross-sector transitions of former manufacturing workers. Although worker inflows into non-manufacturing more than fully offset manufacturing employment losses in trade-exposed locations after 2010, incumbent workers neither fully recover earnings losses nor predominately exit the labor market, but rather age in place as communities undergo rapid demographic and industrial transitions.
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