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Papers Containing Keywords(s): 'census bureau'

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Frequently Occurring Concepts within this Search

American Community Survey - 39

Current Population Survey - 37

Internal Revenue Service - 33

Protected Identification Key - 27

Longitudinal Employer Household Dynamics - 26

Social Security Administration - 25

National Science Foundation - 25

Bureau of Labor Statistics - 23

Census Bureau Disclosure Review Board - 22

Cornell University - 22

Social Security Number - 21

Center for Economic Studies - 19

Employer Identification Numbers - 19

Person Validation System - 18

Decennial Census - 18

North American Industry Classification System - 16

Business Register - 16

2010 Census - 15

Service Annual Survey - 15

Research Data Center - 15

Economic Census - 15

Alfred P Sloan Foundation - 14

Standard Industrial Classification - 14

Social Security - 13

Disclosure Review Board - 13

Master Address File - 13

Survey of Income and Program Participation - 13

Personally Identifiable Information - 12

Census Bureau Business Register - 12

Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages - 12

Longitudinal Business Database - 11

Quarterly Workforce Indicators - 11

Standard Statistical Establishment List - 10

Federal Statistical Research Data Center - 10

Unemployment Insurance - 10

Office of Management and Budget - 9

Person Identification Validation System - 9

Center for Administrative Records Research and Applications - 9

Administrative Records - 9

Department of Housing and Urban Development - 9

Computer Assisted Personal Interview - 9

Annual Survey of Manufactures - 9

National Institute on Aging - 8

Local Employment Dynamics - 8

Cornell Institute for Social and Economic Research - 8

Business Dynamics Statistics - 7

Individual Taxpayer Identification Numbers - 7

1940 Census - 7

SSA Numident - 7

Metropolitan Statistical Area - 7

Ordinary Least Squares - 7

Bureau of Economic Analysis - 7

LEHD Program - 7

National Longitudinal Survey of Youth - 6

Postal Service - 6

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program - 6

Housing and Urban Development - 6

MAFID - 6

National Center for Health Statistics - 6

Indian Health Service - 6

National Opinion Research Center - 6

Department of Labor - 6

Financial, Insurance and Real Estate Industries - 5

Federal Tax Information - 5

National Bureau of Economic Research - 5

W-2 - 5

Center for Administrative Records Research - 5

Census Numident - 5

Census Bureau Person Identification Validation System - 5

Computer Assisted Telephone Interviews and Computer Assisted Personal Interviews - 5

CATI - 5

Department of Health and Human Services - 5

Special Sworn Status - 5

Business Master File - 5

Census 2000 - 5

Medicaid Services - 5

Earned Income Tax Credit - 4

Social and Economic Supplement - 4

Adjusted Gross Income - 4

Data Management System - 4

Census Bureau Master Address File - 4

Temporary Assistance for Needy Families - 4

Census Household Composition Key - 4

Some Other Race - 4

Bureau of Labor - 4

American Housing Survey - 4

Core Based Statistical Area - 4

Composite Person Record - 4

Business Register Bridge - 4

North American Industry Classi - 4

Chicago Census Research Data Center - 4

Public Use Micro Sample - 4

County Business Patterns - 4

PIKed - 4

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality - 4

Health and Retirement Study - 3

Accommodation and Food Services - 3

Annual Business Survey - 3

Sloan Foundation - 3

Social Science Research Institute - 3

Indian Housing Information Center - 3

Census Edited File - 3

Statistics Canada - 3

Federal Reserve System - 3

Retail Trade - 3

Survey of Business Owners - 3

University of Maryland - 3

American Economic Review - 3

Journal of Labor Economics - 3

Department of Homeland Security - 3

Employment History File - 3

Employer Characteristics File - 3

Individual Characteristics File - 3

Business Employment Dynamics - 3

Office of Personnel Management - 3

Probability Density Function - 3

Successor Predecessor File - 3

Centers for Medicare - 3

Federal Reserve Bank - 3

General Accounting Office - 3

Company Organization Survey - 3

PSID - 3

Establishment Micro Properties - 3

CDF - 3

Urban Institute - 3

Permanent Plant Number - 3

Census of Manufactures - 3

Wholesale Trade - 3

AKM - 3

survey - 53

population - 42

respondent - 37

data - 35

data census - 34

census data - 33

agency - 23

statistical - 22

workforce - 20

record - 20

research census - 20

report - 19

employed - 19

labor - 18

estimating - 18

economic census - 18

census research - 18

census survey - 17

microdata - 16

2010 census - 15

use census - 15

resident - 14

datasets - 14

employee - 14

employ - 14

hispanic - 13

longitudinal - 13

ethnicity - 12

census employment - 12

household surveys - 11

coverage - 11

employer household - 11

aging - 11

payroll - 10

minority - 10

census use - 10

prevalence - 9

disclosure - 9

enrollment - 9

records census - 9

trend - 9

recession - 9

worker - 9

immigrant - 8

residential - 8

census records - 8

family - 8

federal - 8

census years - 8

population survey - 8

ethnic - 8

surveys censuses - 8

matching - 8

race - 8

race census - 8

censuses surveys - 8

expenditure - 8

work census - 8

longitudinal employer - 8

sector - 7

residence - 7

poverty - 7

earnings - 7

linked census - 7

citizen - 7

linkage - 7

information census - 7

analysis - 7

imputation - 7

estimation - 7

metropolitan - 7

department - 7

employment dynamics - 7

census 2020 - 6

information - 6

disadvantaged - 6

1040 - 6

privacy - 6

public - 6

census linked - 6

medicaid - 6

identifier - 6

assessed - 6

racial - 6

census business - 6

econometric - 6

research - 6

hiring - 6

workplace - 6

employment statistics - 6

census file - 6

worker demographics - 6

employee data - 6

salary - 6

job - 6

state - 5

irs - 5

taxpayer - 5

child - 5

unemployed - 5

confidentiality - 5

publicly - 5

disparity - 5

sampling - 5

percentile - 5

census responses - 5

neighborhood - 5

quarterly - 5

economist - 5

yearly - 5

researcher - 5

employment data - 5

occupation - 5

clerical - 5

ancestry - 5

aggregate - 5

labor statistics - 5

database - 5

statistician - 5

study - 5

average - 5

migration - 4

tax - 4

census household - 4

survey income - 4

health - 4

policymakers - 4

insurance - 4

gdp - 4

healthcare - 4

immigration - 4

survey data - 4

market - 4

assessing - 4

establishment - 4

associate - 4

tenure - 4

matched - 4

earner - 4

migrant - 3

income individuals - 3

parent - 3

dependent - 3

household income - 3

income data - 3

income households - 3

environmental - 3

geographic - 3

impact - 3

survey households - 3

pandemic - 3

parental - 3

adoption - 3

bias - 3

black - 3

socioeconomic - 3

incorporated - 3

econometrician - 3

finance - 3

firms census - 3

statistical disclosure - 3

enrollee - 3

ssa - 3

layoff - 3

welfare - 3

discrimination - 3

businesses census - 3

empirical - 3

Viewing papers 1 through 10 of 83


  • Working Paper

    Tapping Business and Household Surveys to Sharpen Our View of Work from Home

    June 2025

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-25-36

    Timely business-level measures of work from home (WFH) are scarce for the U.S. economy. We review prior survey-based efforts to quantify the incidence and character of WFH and describe new questions that we developed and fielded for the Business Trends and Outlook Survey (BTOS). Drawing on more than 150,000 firm-level responses to the BTOS, we obtain four main findings. First, nearly a third of businesses have employees who work from home, with tremendous variation across sectors. The share of businesses with WFH employees is nearly ten times larger in the Information sector than in Accommodation and Food Services. Second, employees work from home about 1 day per week, on average, and businesses expect similar WFH levels in five years. Third, feasibility aside, businesses' largest concern with WFH relates to productivity. Seven percent of businesses find that onsite work is more productive, while two percent find that WFH is more productive. Fourth, there is a low level of tracking and monitoring of WFH activities, with 70% of firms reporting they do not track employee days in the office and 75% reporting they do not monitor employees when they work from home. These lessons serve as a starting point for enhancing WFH-related content in the American Community Survey and other household surveys.
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  • Working Paper

    Geographic Immobility in the United States: Assessing the Prevalence and Characteristics of Those Who Never Migrate Across State Lines Using Linked Federal Tax Microdata

    March 2025

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-25-19

    This paper explores the prevalence and characteristics of those who never migrate at the state scale in the U.S. Studying people who never migrate requires regular and frequent observation of their residential location for a lifetime, or at least for many years. A novel U.S. population-sized longitudinal dataset that links individual level Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and Social Security Administration (SSA) administrative records supplies this information annually, along with information on income and socio-demographic characteristics. We use these administrative microdata to follow a cohort aged between 15 and 50 in 2001 from 2001 to 2016, differentiating those who lived in the same state every year during this period (i.e., never made an interstate move) from those who lived in more than one state (i.e., made at least one interstate move). We find those who never made an interstate move comprised 75 percent of the total population of this age cohort. This percentage varies by year of age but never falls below 62 percent even for those who were teenagers or young adults in 2001. There are also variations in these percentages by sex, race, nativity, and income, with the latter having the largest effects. We also find substantial variation in these percentages across states. Our findings suggest a need for more research on geographically immobile populations in U.S.
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  • Working Paper

    Potential Bias When Using Administrative Data to Measure the Family Income of School-Aged Children

    January 2025

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-25-03

    Researchers and practitioners increasingly rely on administrative data sources to measure family income. However, administrative data sources are often incomplete in their coverage of the population, giving rise to potential bias in family income measures, particularly if coverage deficiencies are not well understood. We focus on the school-aged child population, due to its particular import to research and policy, and because of the unique challenges of linking children to family income information. We find that two of the most significant administrative sources of family income information that permit linking of children and parents'IRS Form 1040 and SNAP participation records'usefully complement each other, potentially reducing coverage bias when used together. In a case study considering how best to measure economic disadvantage rates in the public school student population, we demonstrate the sensitivity of family income statistics to assumptions about individuals who do not appear in administrative data sources.
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  • Working Paper

    CTC and ACTC Participation Results and IRS-Census Match Methodology, Tax Year 2020

    December 2024

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-24-76

    The Child Tax Credit (CTC) and Additional Child Tax Credit (ACTC) offer assistance to help ease the financial burden of families with children. This paper provides taxpayer and dollar participation estimates for the CTC and ACTC covering tax year 2020. The estimates derive from an approach that relies on linking the 2021 Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplement (CPS ASEC) to IRS administrative data. This approach, called the Exact Match, uses survey data to identify CTC/ACTC eligible taxpayers and IRS administrative data to indicate which eligible taxpayers claimed and received the credit. Overall in tax year 2020, eligible taxpayers participated in the CTC and ACTC program at a rate of 93 percent while dollar participation was 91 percent.
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  • Working Paper

    EITC Participation Results and IRS-Census Match Methodology, Tax Year 2021

    December 2024

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-24-75

    The Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC), enacted in 1975, offers a refundable tax credit to low income working families. This paper provides taxpayer and dollar participation estimates for the EITC covering tax year 2021. The estimates derive from an approach that relies on linking the 2022 Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplement (CPS ASEC) to IRS administrative data. This approach, called the Exact Match, uses survey data to identify EITC eligible taxpayers and IRS administrative data to indicate which eligible taxpayers claimed and received the credit. Overall in tax year 2021 eligible taxpayers participated in the EITC program at a rate of 78 percent while dollar participation was 81 percent.
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  • Working Paper

    The Privacy-Protected Gridded Environmental Impacts Frame

    December 2024

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-24-74

    This paper introduces the Gridded Environmental Impacts Frame (Gridded EIF), a novel privacy-protected dataset derived from the U.S. Census Bureau's confidential Environmental Impacts Frame (EIF) microdata infrastructure. The EIF combines comprehensive administrative records and survey data on the U.S. population with high-resolution geospatial information on environmental hazards. While access to the EIF is restricted due to the confidential nature of the underlying data, the Gridded EIF offers a broader research community the opportunity to glean insights from the data while preserving confidentiality. We describe the data and privacy protection process, and offer guidance on appropriate usage, presenting practical applications.
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  • Working Paper

    The Census Historical Environmental Impacts Frame

    October 2024

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-24-66

    The Census Bureau's Environmental Impacts Frame (EIF) is a microdata infrastructure that combines individual-level information on residence, demographics, and economic characteristics with environmental amenities and hazards from 1999 through the present day. To better understand the long-run consequences and intergenerational effects of exposure to a changing environment, we expand the EIF by extending it backward to 1940. The Historical Environmental Impacts Frame (HEIF) combines the Census Bureau's historical administrative data, publicly available 1940 address information from the 1940 Decennial Census, and historical environmental data. This paper discusses the creation of the HEIF as well as the unique challenges that arise with using the Census Bureau's historical administrative data.
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  • Working Paper

    Nonresponse and Coverage Bias in the Household Pulse Survey: Evidence from Administrative Data

    October 2024

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-24-60

    The Household Pulse Survey (HPS) conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau is a unique survey that provided timely data on the effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on American households and continues to provide data on other emergent social and economic issues. Because the survey has a response rate in the single digits and only has an online response mode, there are concerns about nonresponse and coverage bias. In this paper, we match administrative data from government agencies and third-party data to HPS respondents to examine how representative they are of the U.S. population. For comparison, we create a benchmark of American Community Survey (ACS) respondents and nonrespondents and include the ACS respondents as another point of reference. Overall, we find that the HPS is less representative of the U.S. population than the ACS. However, performance varies across administrative variables, and the existing weighting adjustments appear to greatly improve the representativeness of the HPS. Additionally, we look at household characteristics by their email domain to examine the effects on coverage from limiting email messages in 2023 to addresses from the contact frame with at least 90% deliverability rates, finding no clear change in the representativeness of the HPS afterwards.
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  • Working Paper

    Comparison of Child Reporting in the American Community Survey and Federal Income Tax Returns Based on California Birth Records

    September 2024

    Authors: Gloria G. Aldana

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-24-55

    This paper takes advantage of administrative records from California, a state with a large child population and a significant historical undercount of children in Census Bureau data, dependent information in the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) Form 1040 records, and the American Community Survey to characterize undercounted children and compare child reporting. While IRS Form 1040 records offer potential utility for adjusting child undercounting in Census Bureau surveys, this analysis finds overlapping reporting issues among various demographic and economic groups. Specifically, older children, those of Non-Hispanic Black mothers and Hispanic mothers, children or parents with lower English proficiency, children whose mothers did not complete high school, and families with lower income-to-poverty ratio were less frequently reported in IRS 1040 records than other groups. Therefore, using IRS 1040 dependent records may have limitations for accurately representing populations with characteristics associated with the undercount of children in surveys.
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  • Working Paper

    Gradient Boosting to Address Statistical Problems Arising from Non-Linkage of Census Bureau Datasets

    June 2024

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-24-27

    This article introduces the twangRDC package, which contains functions to address non-linkage in US Census Bureau datasets. The Census Bureau's Person Identification Validation System facilitates data linkage by assigning unique person identifiers to federal, third party, decennial census, and survey data. Not all records in these datasets can be linked to the reference file and as such not all records will be assigned an identifier. This article is a tutorial for using the twangRDC to generate nonresponse weights to account for non-linkage of person records across US Census Bureau datasets.
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