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Papers Containing Tag(s): 'Bureau of Economic Analysis'

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Center for Economic Studies - 105

Bureau of Labor Statistics - 99

Longitudinal Business Database - 94

North American Industry Classification System - 89

Annual Survey of Manufactures - 73

National Science Foundation - 72

National Bureau of Economic Research - 66

Total Factor Productivity - 66

Standard Industrial Classification - 63

Ordinary Least Squares - 57

Census of Manufactures - 56

Internal Revenue Service - 47

Longitudinal Research Database - 45

Economic Census - 39

Metropolitan Statistical Area - 37

Chicago Census Research Data Center - 34

Federal Reserve Bank - 33

Census of Manufacturing Firms - 33

Business Register - 33

Census Bureau Disclosure Review Board - 30

Federal Statistical Research Data Center - 30

Current Population Survey - 28

Employer Identification Numbers - 28

Special Sworn Status - 27

Cobb-Douglas - 25

Longitudinal Firm Trade Transactions Database - 25

County Business Patterns - 24

American Community Survey - 24

Standard Statistical Establishment List - 23

Census Bureau Longitudinal Business Database - 23

Census Bureau Business Register - 22

Longitudinal Employer Household Dynamics - 22

Research Data Center - 22

National Income and Product Accounts - 19

University of Chicago - 19

Disclosure Review Board - 17

Department of Commerce - 17

Harmonized System - 16

Business Dynamics Statistics - 15

Federal Reserve System - 14

Alfred P Sloan Foundation - 14

Generalized Method of Moments - 14

Decennial Census - 14

Social Security Administration - 14

Wholesale Trade - 14

Michigan Institute for Teaching and Research in Economics - 14

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development - 13

Office of Management and Budget - 13

University of Maryland - 13

Foreign Direct Investment - 13

Survey of Industrial Research and Development - 12

Postal Service - 12

Service Annual Survey - 12

World Bank - 12

International Trade Research Report - 12

Social Security - 11

Environmental Protection Agency - 11

NBER Summer Institute - 11

World Trade Organization - 11

University of Michigan - 11

Information and Communication Technology Survey - 11

Commodity Flow Survey - 10

Department of Economics - 10

Herfindahl Hirschman Index - 10

Bureau of Labor - 10

Department of Labor - 10

TFPQ - 10

Kauffman Foundation - 10

2010 Census - 10

Labor Productivity - 10

Journal of Economic Literature - 10

Permanent Plant Number - 10

New York University - 9

Council of Economic Advisers - 9

Census Bureau Center for Economic Studies - 9

Department of Agriculture - 9

American Statistical Association - 9

Department of Homeland Security - 8

Business R&D and Innovation Survey - 8

Boston College - 8

Business Services - 8

IQR - 8

National Center for Health Statistics - 8

Quarterly Journal of Economics - 8

Patent and Trademark Office - 8

Fabricated Metal Products - 7

European Union - 7

Customs and Border Protection - 7

Business Research and Development and Innovation Survey - 7

Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages - 7

Company Organization Survey - 7

Technical Services - 7

Securities and Exchange Commission - 7

North American Industry Classi - 7

Energy Information Administration - 7

Survey of Income and Program Participation - 7

American Economic Association - 7

American Economic Review - 7

Cornell University - 7

Statistics Canada - 7

Regional Economic Information System - 7

Pollution Abatement Costs and Expenditures - 7

Boston Research Data Center - 7

National Ambient Air Quality Standards - 7

Board of Governors - 6

COVID-19 - 6

Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation - 6

Business Formation Statistics - 6

Accommodation and Food Services - 6

Retail Trade - 6

Review of Economics and Statistics - 6

Journal of Political Economy - 6

Public Use Micro Sample - 6

State Energy Data System - 6

Federal Trade Commission - 6

University of California Los Angeles - 6

Establishment Micro Properties - 6

Electronic Data Interchange - 6

Center for Research in Security Prices - 6

Securities Data Company - 6

COMPUSTAT - 6

Survey of Business Owners - 5

National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics - 5

W-2 - 5

Harvard University - 5

Penn State University - 5

University of Toronto - 5

Paycheck Protection Program - 5

Social Security Number - 5

Protected Identification Key - 5

Census of Services - 5

Annual Business Survey - 5

Public Administration - 5

Characteristics of Business Owners - 5

UC Berkeley - 5

Journal of Econometrics - 5

Sloan Foundation - 5

Management and Organizational Practices Survey - 5

Economic Research Service - 5

Herfindahl-Hirschman - 5

Department of Justice - 5

Department of Education - 5

National Institutes of Health - 5

E32 - 5

Georgetown University - 5

Duke University - 5

North American Free Trade Agreement - 5

Geographic Information Systems - 5

National Research Council - 5

Federal Register - 4

United Nations - 4

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Russell Sage Foundation - 4

International Trade Commission - 4

Michigan Institute for Data Science - 4

Current Employment Statistics - 4

Professional Services - 4

Department of Housing and Urban Development - 4

Master Address File - 4

2SLS - 4

Small Business Administration - 4

Arts, Entertainment - 4

Occupational Employment Statistics - 4

TFPR - 4

Financial, Insurance and Real Estate Industries - 4

Ohio State University - 4

Auxiliary Establishment Survey - 4

National Academy of Sciences - 4

Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey - 4

Census of Retail Trade - 4

Core Based Statistical Area - 4

Chicago RDC - 4

International Standard Industrial Classification - 4

Integrated Longitudinal Business Database - 4

CAAA - 4

Insurance Information Institute - 4

New England County Metropolitan - 4

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - 3

National Establishment Time Series - 3

Housing and Urban Development - 3

IBM - 3

Limited Liability Company - 3

Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago - 3

VAR - 3

Department of Health and Human Services - 3

Temporary Assistance for Needy Families - 3

Data Management System - 3

Individual Characteristics File - 3

Quarterly Workforce Indicators - 3

PSID - 3

Wal-Mart - 3

American Housing Survey - 3

National Employer Survey - 3

Review of Economic Studies - 3

Cambridge University Press - 3

Journal of Economic Perspectives - 3

Federal Reserve Board of Governors - 3

Unemployment Insurance - 3

Columbia University - 3

1940 Census - 3

Integrated Public Use Microdata Series - 3

Agriculture, Forestry - 3

BLS Handbook of Methods - 3

Employer-Household Dynamics - 3

New York Times - 3

National Longitudinal Survey of Youth - 3

MIT Press - 3

Journal of International Economics - 3

Earned Income Tax Credit - 3

Computer Aided Design - 3

Computer Network Use Supplement - 3

National Institute on Aging - 3

Medical Expenditure Panel Survey - 3

Value Added - 3

Administrative Records - 3

production - 77

manufacturing - 67

econometric - 61

market - 58

macroeconomic - 52

industrial - 51

expenditure - 49

growth - 46

economically - 44

sale - 43

economist - 42

gdp - 42

recession - 40

investment - 38

export - 36

estimating - 36

sector - 35

revenue - 35

produce - 33

demand - 31

labor - 30

enterprise - 29

employ - 28

efficiency - 26

multinational - 24

spillover - 24

company - 24

aggregate - 24

endogeneity - 24

depreciation - 23

exporter - 22

productivity growth - 22

regional - 21

estimation - 20

import - 19

entrepreneurship - 18

productive - 18

innovation - 18

monopolistic - 18

quarterly - 18

workforce - 17

survey - 17

earnings - 17

employed - 17

price - 16

employee - 16

industry productivity - 16

organizational - 16

acquisition - 16

technological - 15

consumption - 15

metropolitan - 15

profit - 15

statistical - 15

wholesale - 15

manufacturer - 15

trend - 15

specialization - 14

employment growth - 14

cost - 14

commodity - 13

trading - 13

profitability - 13

factory - 13

payroll - 13

report - 13

venture - 12

entrepreneur - 12

tariff - 12

subsidiary - 12

region - 12

inventory - 12

growth productivity - 12

entrepreneurial - 12

geographically - 12

finance - 12

agency - 12

econometrician - 12

shipment - 11

importer - 11

financial - 11

pollution - 11

population - 11

outsourced - 11

outsourcing - 11

diversification - 11

productivity dynamics - 11

foreign - 11

leverage - 11

data - 11

pricing - 11

exporting - 10

exported - 10

sourcing - 10

emission - 10

supplier - 10

poverty - 10

salary - 10

establishment - 10

heterogeneity - 10

impact - 10

firms productivity - 10

merger - 10

imported - 9

debt - 9

stock - 9

epa - 9

environmental - 9

country - 9

rent - 9

competitor - 9

rural - 9

regional economic - 9

regression - 9

area - 9

plants industry - 9

international trade - 8

importing - 8

firms export - 8

investing - 8

investor - 8

productivity shocks - 8

warehousing - 8

monopolistically - 8

relocation - 8

estimates employment - 8

microdata - 8

corporate - 8

productivity measures - 8

aggregate productivity - 8

immigrant - 8

geography - 8

housing - 8

respondent - 8

productivity dispersion - 8

custom - 8

externality - 8

exogeneity - 8

incentive - 8

wages productivity - 8

aggregation - 8

regulation - 8

accounting - 8

shock - 8

exporters multinationals - 7

equity - 7

invest - 7

factor productivity - 7

productivity estimates - 7

patent - 7

prospect - 7

multinational firms - 7

gain - 7

labor productivity - 7

endogenous - 7

welfare - 7

state - 7

ethnicity - 7

industry variation - 7

socioeconomic - 7

geographic - 7

analysis - 7

forecast - 7

industries estimate - 7

worker - 7

plant productivity - 7

census bureau - 7

regulatory - 7

economic census - 7

statistician - 7

retail - 7

dispersion productivity - 7

inflation - 7

capital - 7

producing - 7

pollutant - 7

commerce - 7

incorporated - 6

technology - 6

disadvantaged - 6

labor markets - 6

regress - 6

ethnic - 6

industry concentration - 6

globalization - 6

disparity - 6

migrant - 6

measures productivity - 6

agriculture - 6

tax - 6

immigration - 6

warehouse - 6

spending - 6

productivity plants - 6

declining - 6

bankruptcy - 6

shareholder - 6

census data - 6

empirical - 6

rate - 6

restructuring - 6

takeover - 6

polluting - 6

competitiveness - 6

agglomeration economies - 6

agglomeration - 6

urbanization - 6

trader - 5

innovate - 5

productivity size - 5

practices productivity - 5

good - 5

policymakers - 5

federal - 5

larger firms - 5

capital productivity - 5

city - 5

economic growth - 5

residence - 5

diversified - 5

labor statistics - 5

proprietor - 5

autoregressive - 5

indicator - 5

minority - 5

hispanic - 5

relocating - 5

resident - 5

migration - 5

industry output - 5

employment dynamics - 5

unemployed - 5

average - 5

retailer - 5

retailing - 5

buyer - 5

surveys censuses - 5

transition - 5

estimates productivity - 5

analysis productivity - 5

quantity - 5

tenure - 5

liquidation - 5

consumer - 5

expense - 5

data census - 5

hiring - 5

decline - 5

recessionary - 5

rates productivity - 5

strategic - 5

firms plants - 5

environmental regulation - 5

plant investment - 5

plant - 5

manufacturing plants - 5

efficient - 5

export market - 4

loan - 4

asset - 4

investment productivity - 4

manufacturing productivity - 4

midwest - 4

job - 4

occupation - 4

estimates production - 4

competitive - 4

diversify - 4

research census - 4

level productivity - 4

neighborhood - 4

employment statistics - 4

corporation - 4

firms trade - 4

econometrically - 4

borrowing - 4

residential - 4

business data - 4

classified - 4

shift - 4

businesses census - 4

utilization - 4

economic statistics - 4

productivity increases - 4

oligopolistic - 4

industrial classification - 4

sectoral - 4

researcher - 4

bank - 4

bankrupt - 4

fluctuation - 4

innovator - 4

contract - 4

wage variation - 4

volatility - 4

regressors - 4

opportunity - 4

agricultural - 4

heterogeneous - 4

unobserved - 4

manufacturing industries - 4

pollution abatement - 4

information census - 4

conglomerate - 4

polluting industries - 4

plants industries - 4

profitable - 4

plants firms - 4

financing - 3

founder - 3

innovation productivity - 3

chemical - 3

concentration - 3

location - 3

exogenous - 3

employment estimates - 3

industry wages - 3

wage growth - 3

urban - 3

growth employment - 3

retirement - 3

percentile - 3

startup - 3

analyst - 3

migrating - 3

relocate - 3

imputation - 3

turnover - 3

downturn - 3

pandemic - 3

recession exposure - 3

regulation productivity - 3

corp - 3

disclosure - 3

observed productivity - 3

local economic - 3

earner - 3

firms grow - 3

industry employment - 3

subsidy - 3

taxation - 3

merchandise - 3

census years - 3

enrollment - 3

public - 3

managerial - 3

management - 3

exporting firms - 3

electricity prices - 3

employing - 3

impact employment - 3

wages production - 3

medicaid - 3

prevalence - 3

database - 3

datasets - 3

manager - 3

privacy - 3

decade - 3

classification - 3

lending - 3

lender - 3

borrow - 3

debtor - 3

credit - 3

banking - 3

substitute - 3

study - 3

research - 3

educated - 3

education - 3

workplace - 3

hire - 3

poorer - 3

yield - 3

productivity firms - 3

census research - 3

latino - 3

family - 3

technology adoption - 3

layoff - 3

acquirer - 3

unemployment rates - 3

partnership - 3

equilibrium - 3

foreign trade - 3

abatement expenditures - 3

costs pollution - 3

environmental expenditures - 3

product - 3

technical - 3

performance - 3

valuation - 3

regional industries - 3

firms census - 3

locality - 3

reallocation productivity - 3

Viewing papers 1 through 10 of 220


  • Working Paper

    An Anatomy of U.S. Establishments' Trade Linkages in Global Value Chains

    June 2025

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-25-44

    Global value chains (GVC) are a pervasive feature of modern production, but they are hard to measure. Using confidential microdata from the U.S. Census Bureau, we develop novel measures of the linkages between U.S. manufacturing establishments' imports and exports. We find that for every dollar of exports, imported inputs represent 13 cents in 2002 and 20 cents by 2017. Examining GVC trade flows in a gravity framework, we find that these flows are higher within 'round-trip' (input and output market is the same) linkages, regional trade agreements, and multinational firm boundaries. The strong complementarities between input and output markets are muted by the proportionality assumptions embedded in global input-output tables. Finally, with an off-the-shelf model, we show the round-trip results can be obtained when firm-specific sourcing and exporting fixed costs are linked.
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  • Working Paper

    Dynamics of High-Growth Young Firms and the Role of Venture Capitalists

    June 2025

    Authors: Yoshiki Ando

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-25-38

    Motivated by the substantial growth and upfront investments of venture capital (VC) backed firms observed in administrative US Census data, this paper develops a firm dynamics model over the life cycle. In the model, startups choose the source of financing from VC, Angel investors, or banks, depending on their growth potential, and invest in innovation. The calibrated model explains the life-cycle dynamics of firms with different sources of financing and implies that venture capitalists' advice accounts for around 22% of the growth of VC-backed firms. A counterfactual economy without VC financing would lose aggregate consumption by around 0.4%.
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  • Working Paper

    The Rising Returns to R&D: Ideas Are Not Getting Harder to Find

    May 2025

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-25-29

    R&D investment has grown robustly, yet aggregate productivity growth has stagnated. Is this because 'ideas are getting harder to find'? This paper uses micro-data from the US Census Bureau to explore the relationship between R&D and productivity in the manufacturing sector from 1976 to 2018. We find that both the elasticity of output (TFP) with respect to R&D and the marginal returns to R&D have risen sharply. Exploring factors affecting returns, we conclude that R&D obsolescence rates must have risen. Using a novel estimation approach, we find consistent evidence of sharply rising technological rivalry. These findings suggest that R&D has become more effective at finding productivity-enhancing ideas but these ideas may also render rivals' technologies obsolete, making innovations more transient.
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  • Working Paper

    The Intangible Divide: Why Do So Few Firms Invest in Innovation?

    February 2025

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-25-15

    Investments in software, R&D, and advertising have surged, nearing half of U.S. private nonresidential investment. Yet just a few hundred firms dominate this growth. Most firms, including large ones, regularly invest little in capitalized software and R&D, widening this 'intangible divide' despite falling intangible prices. Using comprehensive US Census microdata, we document these patterns and explore factors associated with intangible investment. We find that firms invest significantly less in innovation-related intangibles when their rivals invest more. One firm's investment can obsolesce rivals' investments, reducing returns. This negative pecuniary externality worsens the intangible divide, potentially leading to significant misallocation.
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  • Working Paper

    Fighting Fire with Fire(fighting Foam): The Long Run Effects of PFAS Use at U.S. Military Installations

    December 2024

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-24-72

    Tens of millions of people in the U.S. may be exposed to drinking water contaminated with perand poly-fluoroalkyl chemicals (PFAS). We provide the first estimates of long-run economic costs from a major, early PFAS source: fire-fighting foam. We combine the timing of its adoption with variation in the presence of fire training areas at U.S. military installations in the 1970s to estimate exposure effects for millions of individuals using natality records and restricted administrative data. We document diminished birthweights, college attendance, and earnings, illustrating a pollution externality from military training and unregulated chemicals as a determinant of economic opportunity.
    View Full Paper PDF
  • Working Paper

    The China Shock Revisited: Job Reallocation and Industry Switching in U.S. Labor Markets

    October 2024

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-24-65

    Using confidential administrative data from the U.S. Census Bureau we revisit how the rise in Chinese import penetration has reshaped U.S. local labor markets. Local labor markets more exposed to the China shock experienced larger reallocation from manufacturing to services jobs. Most of this reallocation occurred within firms that simultaneously contracted manufacturing operations while expanding employment in services. Notably, about 40% of the manufacturing job loss effect is due to continuing establishments switching their primary activity from manufacturing to trade-related services such as research, management, and wholesale. The effects of Chinese import penetration vary by local labor market characteristics. In areas with high human capital, including much of the West Coast and large cities, job reallocation from manufacturing to services has been substantial. In areas with low human capital and a high initial manufacturing share, including much of the Midwest and the South, we find limited job reallocation. We estimate this differential response to the China shock accounts for half of the 1997-2007 job growth gap between these regions.
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  • Working Paper

    Multinational Production and Innovation in Tandem

    October 2024

    Authors: Jin Liu

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-24-64

    Multinational firms colocate production and innovation by offshoring them to the same host country or region. In this paper, I examine the determinants of multinational firms' production and innovation locations. Exploiting plausibly exogenous variations in tariffs, I find complementarities between production and innovation within host countries and regions. To evaluate manufacturing reshoring policies, I develop a quantitative multicountry offshoring location choice model. I allow for rich colocation benefits and cross-country interdependencies and prove supermodularity of the model to solve this otherwise NP-hard problem. I find the effects of manufacturing reshoring policies are nonlinear, contingent upon firm heterogeneity, and they accumulate dynamically.
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  • Working Paper

    Entry Costs Rise with Growth

    October 2024

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-24-63

    Over time and across states in the U.S., the number of firms is more closely tied to overall employment than to output per worker. In many models of firm dynamics, trade, and growth with a free entry condition, these facts imply that the costs of creating a new firm increase sharply with productivity growth. This increase in entry costs can stem from the rising cost of labor used in entry and weak or negative knowledge spillovers from prior entry. Our findings suggest that productivity-enhancing policies will not induce firm entry, thereby limiting the total impact of such policies on welfare.
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  • Working Paper

    Supply Chain Adjustments to Tariff Shocks: Evidence from Firm Trade Linkages in the 2018-2019 U.S. Trade War

    August 2024

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-24-43

    We use the 2018-2019 U.S. trade war to examine how supply chains adjustments to a tariff cost shock affect imports and exports. Using confidential firm-trade linked data, we show that the decline in imports of tariffed goods was driven by discontinuations of U.S. buyer'foreign supplier relationships, reduced formation of new relationships, and exits by U.S. firms from import markets altogether. However, tariffed products where imports were concentrated in fewer suppliers had a smaller decline in import growth. We then construct measures of export exposure to import tariffs by linking tariffs paid by importing firms to their exported products. We find that the most exposed products had lower exports in 2018-2019, with most of the impact occurring in 2019.
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  • Working Paper

    Expanding the Frontier of Economic Statistics Using Big Data: A Case Study of Regional Employment

    July 2024

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-24-37

    Big data offers potentially enormous benefits for improving economic measurement, but it also presents challenges (e.g., lack of representativeness and instability), implying that their value is not always clear. We propose a framework for quantifying the usefulness of these data sources for specific applications, relative to existing official sources. We specifically weigh the potential benefits of additional granularity and timeliness, while examining the accuracy associated with any new or improved estimates, relative to comparable accuracy produced in existing official statistics. We apply the methodology to employment estimates using data from a payroll processor, considering both the improvement of existing state-level estimates, but also the production of new, more timely, county-level estimates. We find that incorporating payroll data can improve existing state-level estimates by 11% based on out-of-sample mean absolute error, although the improvement is considerably higher for smaller state-industry cells. We also produce new county-level estimates that could provide more timely granular estimates than previously available. We develop a novel test to determine if these new county-level estimates have errors consistent with official series. Given the level of granularity, we cannot reject the hypothesis that the new county estimates have an accuracy in line with official measures, implying an expansion of the existing frontier. We demonstrate the practical importance of these experimental estimates by investigating a hypothetical application during the COVID-19 pandemic, a period in which more timely and granular information could have assisted in implementing effective policies. Relative to existing estimates, we find that the alternative payroll data series could help identify areas of the country where employment was lagging. Moreover, we also demonstrate the value of a more timely series.
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