CREAT: Census Research Exploration and Analysis Tool

Papers Containing Tag(s): 'Person Validation System'

The following papers contain search terms that you selected. From the papers listed below, you can navigate to the PDF, the profile page for that working paper, or see all the working papers written by an author. You can also explore tags, keywords, and authors that occur frequently within these papers.
Click here to search again

Frequently Occurring Concepts within this Search

Protected Identification Key - 66

Internal Revenue Service - 49

Social Security Number - 47

American Community Survey - 45

Social Security Administration - 42

Census Bureau Disclosure Review Board - 39

Person Identification Validation System - 38

Current Population Survey - 35

Social Security - 32

Personally Identifiable Information - 23

2010 Census - 22

Disclosure Review Board - 20

Decennial Census - 19

Center for Administrative Records Research and Applications - 19

Department of Housing and Urban Development - 18

Census Numident - 18

W-2 - 18

Master Address File - 17

Housing and Urban Development - 16

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program - 15

Longitudinal Employer Household Dynamics - 15

Survey of Income and Program Participation - 13

Individual Taxpayer Identification Numbers - 13

Employer Identification Numbers - 12

Some Other Race - 12

Office of Management and Budget - 12

Census Household Composition Key - 11

Medicaid Services - 11

Census Bureau Person Identification Validation System - 11

National Bureau of Economic Research - 11

Computer Assisted Personal Interview - 11

Federal Statistical Research Data Center - 10

Administrative Records - 10

Temporary Assistance for Needy Families - 10

SSA Numident - 10

Indian Health Service - 10

Ordinary Least Squares - 10

Centers for Medicare - 9

Earned Income Tax Credit - 9

North American Industry Classification System - 9

1940 Census - 9

Indian Housing Information Center - 9

National Science Foundation - 9

National Opinion Research Center - 9

Bureau of Labor Statistics - 8

Social and Economic Supplement - 8

Adjusted Gross Income - 8

Business Register - 8

Master Beneficiary Record - 8

Disability Insurance - 8

Social Science Research Institute - 8

MAF-ARF - 8

Census Edited File - 8

Detailed Earnings Records - 8

Service Annual Survey - 8

ASEC - 7

MAFID - 7

Center for Administrative Records Research - 7

Census Bureau Master Address File - 7

Data Management System - 7

Center for Economic Studies - 6

PIKed - 6

National Institute on Aging - 6

University of Chicago - 6

Longitudinal Business Database - 6

Census 2000 - 6

National Center for Health Statistics - 5

Federal Poverty Level - 5

Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplement - 5

Census Bureau Business Register - 5

American Housing Survey - 5

New York University - 5

Journal of Economic Literature - 5

PSID - 5

Chicago Census Research Data Center - 5

Postal Service - 5

Department of Homeland Security - 5

Department of Health and Human Services - 5

County Business Patterns - 4

Metropolitan Statistical Area - 4

Computer Assisted Telephone Interviews and Computer Assisted Personal Interviews - 4

CATI - 4

Pew Research Center - 4

COVID-19 - 4

Alfred P Sloan Foundation - 4

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - 4

Master Earnings File - 4

Research Data Center - 4

Department of Labor - 4

Cornell Institute for Social and Economic Research - 4

National Academy of Sciences - 3

Employment History File - 3

Employer Characteristics File - 3

Federal Reserve Bank - 3

Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages - 3

Cornell University - 3

NUMIDENT - 3

Customs and Border Protection - 3

Patent and Trademark Office - 3

Ohio State University - 3

Harvard University - 3

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development - 3

Unemployment Insurance - 3

Department of Justice - 3

Office of Personnel Management - 3

HHS - 3

Stanford University - 3

Quarterly Workforce Indicators - 3

Department of Commerce - 3

population - 27

survey - 26

respondent - 24

census data - 18

census bureau - 18

ethnicity - 18

data - 16

disadvantaged - 16

hispanic - 16

irs - 15

minority - 14

record - 14

1040 - 13

immigrant - 13

socioeconomic - 13

enrollment - 12

data census - 12

poverty - 12

tax - 12

ethnic - 12

family - 11

medicaid - 11

datasets - 11

taxpayer - 11

recession - 11

resident - 11

records census - 11

race - 11

assessed - 10

disparity - 10

citizen - 10

matching - 10

racial - 10

census responses - 10

employed - 10

intergenerational - 9

ssa - 9

labor - 9

workforce - 9

earnings - 9

federal - 8

use census - 8

agency - 8

employ - 8

imputation - 8

parent - 7

sampling - 7

census survey - 7

eligibility - 7

income data - 7

immigration - 7

unemployed - 7

residence - 7

survey income - 7

welfare - 7

census records - 7

database - 7

race census - 7

filing - 6

coverage - 6

dependent - 6

income households - 6

microdata - 6

percentile - 6

estimating - 6

identifier - 6

native - 6

black - 6

earner - 6

housing - 5

survey households - 5

eligible - 5

enrolled - 5

migration - 5

surveys censuses - 5

medicare - 5

linkage - 5

statistical - 5

citizenship - 5

census use - 5

payroll - 5

heterogeneity - 5

white - 5

associate - 5

latino - 5

census file - 5

parental - 4

household surveys - 4

population survey - 4

child - 4

residential - 4

census linked - 4

bias - 4

income survey - 4

exemption - 4

census household - 4

migrant - 4

retirement - 4

residing - 4

poor - 4

birth - 4

assessing - 4

economist - 4

2010 census - 4

mexican - 4

segregation - 4

salary - 4

occupation - 4

ancestry - 4

census research - 4

matched - 4

renter - 3

prevalence - 3

subsidy - 3

income individuals - 3

household income - 3

linked census - 3

impact - 3

environmental - 3

pandemic - 3

expenditure - 3

adoption - 3

mobility - 3

insurance - 3

wealth - 3

reside - 3

recessionary - 3

schooling - 3

recession exposure - 3

maternal - 3

estimator - 3

state - 3

census 2020 - 3

patent - 3

patenting - 3

department - 3

mortality - 3

employee - 3

worker demographics - 3

employee data - 3

econometric - 3

hiring - 3

industrial - 3

enrollee - 3

Viewing papers 1 through 10 of 72


  • Working Paper

    Consequences of Eviction for Parenting and Non-parenting College Students

    June 2025

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-25-35

    Amidst rising and increasingly unaffordable rents, 7.6 million people are threatened with eviction each year across the United States'and eviction rates are twice as high for renters with children. One important and neglected population who may experience unique levels of housing insecurity is college students, especially given that one in five college students are parents. In this study, we link 11.9 million student records to eviction filings from housing courts, demographic characteristics reported in decennial census and survey data, incomes reported on tax returns by students and their parents, and dates of birth and death from the Social Security Administration. Parenting students are more likely than non-parenting students to identify as female (62.81% vs. 55.94%) and Black (19.66% vs. 14.30%), be over 30 years old (42.73% vs. 20.25%), and have parents with lower household incomes ($100,000 vs. $140,000). Parenting students threatened with eviction (i.e., had an eviction filed against them) are much more likely than non-threatened parenting students to identify as female (81.18% vs. 62.81%) and Black (56.84% vs. 19.66%). In models adjusted for individual and institutional characteristics, we find that being threatened with an eviction was significantly associated with reduced likelihood of degree completion, reduced post-enrollment income, reduced likelihood of being married post-enrollment, and increased post-enrollment mortality. Among parenting students, 38.38% (95% confidence interval (CI): 32.50-44.26%) of non-threatened students completed a bachelor's degree compared to just 15.36% (CI: 11.61-19.11%) of students threatened with eviction. Our findings highlight the long-term economic and health impacts of housing insecurity during college, especially for parenting students. Housing stability for parenting students may have substantial multigenerational benefits for economic mobility and population health.
    View Full Paper PDF
  • Working Paper

    The Design of Sampling Strata for the National Household Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey

    February 2025

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-25-13

    The National Household Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey (FoodAPS), sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Economic Research Service (ERS) and Food and Nutrition Service (FNS), examines the food purchasing behavior of various subgroups of the U.S. population. These subgroups include participants in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), as well as households who are eligible for but don't participate in these programs. Participants in these social protection programs constitute small proportions of the U.S. population; obtaining an adequate number of such participants in a survey would be challenging absent stratified sampling to target SNAP and WIC participating households. This document describes how the U.S. Census Bureau (which is planning to conduct future versions of the FoodAPS survey on behalf of USDA) created sampling strata to flag the FoodAPS targeted subpopulations using machine learning applications in linked survey and administrative data. We describe the data, modeling techniques, and how well the sampling flags target low-income households and households receiving WIC and SNAP benefits. We additionally situate these efforts in the nascent literature on the use of big data and machine learning for the improvement of survey efficiency.
    View Full Paper PDF
  • Working Paper

    Potential Bias When Using Administrative Data to Measure the Family Income of School-Aged Children

    January 2025

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-25-03

    Researchers and practitioners increasingly rely on administrative data sources to measure family income. However, administrative data sources are often incomplete in their coverage of the population, giving rise to potential bias in family income measures, particularly if coverage deficiencies are not well understood. We focus on the school-aged child population, due to its particular import to research and policy, and because of the unique challenges of linking children to family income information. We find that two of the most significant administrative sources of family income information that permit linking of children and parents'IRS Form 1040 and SNAP participation records'usefully complement each other, potentially reducing coverage bias when used together. In a case study considering how best to measure economic disadvantage rates in the public school student population, we demonstrate the sensitivity of family income statistics to assumptions about individuals who do not appear in administrative data sources.
    View Full Paper PDF
  • Working Paper

    Places versus People: The Ins and Outs of Labor Market Adjustment to Globalization

    December 2024

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-24-78

    We analyze the distinct adjustment paths of U.S. labor markets (places) and U.S. workers (people) to increased Chinese import competition during the 2000s. Using comprehensive register data for 2000'2019, we document that employment levels more than fully rebound in trade-exposed places after 2010, while employment-to-population ratios remain depressed and manufacturing employment further atrophies. The adjustment of places to trade shocks is generational: affected areas recover primarily by adding workers to non-manufacturing who were below working age when the shock occurred. Entrants are disproportionately native-born Hispanics, foreign-born immigrants, women, and the college-educated, who find employment in relatively low-wage service sectors like medical services, education, retail, and hospitality. Using the panel structure of the employer-employee data, we decompose changes in the employment composition of places into trade-induced shifts in the gross flows of people across sectors, locations, and non-employment status. Contrary to standard models, trade shocks reduce geographic mobility, with both in- and out-migration remaining depressed through 2019. The employment recovery instead stems almost entirely from young adults and foreign-born immigrants taking their first U.S. jobs in affected areas, with minimal contributions from cross-sector transitions of former manufacturing workers. Although worker inflows into non-manufacturing more than fully offset manufacturing employment losses in trade-exposed locations after 2010, incumbent workers neither fully recover earnings losses nor predominately exit the labor market, but rather age in place as communities undergo rapid demographic and industrial transitions.
    View Full Paper PDF
  • Working Paper

    CTC and ACTC Participation Results and IRS-Census Match Methodology, Tax Year 2020

    December 2024

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-24-76

    The Child Tax Credit (CTC) and Additional Child Tax Credit (ACTC) offer assistance to help ease the financial burden of families with children. This paper provides taxpayer and dollar participation estimates for the CTC and ACTC covering tax year 2020. The estimates derive from an approach that relies on linking the 2021 Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplement (CPS ASEC) to IRS administrative data. This approach, called the Exact Match, uses survey data to identify CTC/ACTC eligible taxpayers and IRS administrative data to indicate which eligible taxpayers claimed and received the credit. Overall in tax year 2020, eligible taxpayers participated in the CTC and ACTC program at a rate of 93 percent while dollar participation was 91 percent.
    View Full Paper PDF
  • Working Paper

    EITC Participation Results and IRS-Census Match Methodology, Tax Year 2021

    December 2024

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-24-75

    The Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC), enacted in 1975, offers a refundable tax credit to low income working families. This paper provides taxpayer and dollar participation estimates for the EITC covering tax year 2021. The estimates derive from an approach that relies on linking the 2022 Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplement (CPS ASEC) to IRS administrative data. This approach, called the Exact Match, uses survey data to identify EITC eligible taxpayers and IRS administrative data to indicate which eligible taxpayers claimed and received the credit. Overall in tax year 2021 eligible taxpayers participated in the EITC program at a rate of 78 percent while dollar participation was 81 percent.
    View Full Paper PDF
  • Working Paper

    The Census Historical Environmental Impacts Frame

    October 2024

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-24-66

    The Census Bureau's Environmental Impacts Frame (EIF) is a microdata infrastructure that combines individual-level information on residence, demographics, and economic characteristics with environmental amenities and hazards from 1999 through the present day. To better understand the long-run consequences and intergenerational effects of exposure to a changing environment, we expand the EIF by extending it backward to 1940. The Historical Environmental Impacts Frame (HEIF) combines the Census Bureau's historical administrative data, publicly available 1940 address information from the 1940 Decennial Census, and historical environmental data. This paper discusses the creation of the HEIF as well as the unique challenges that arise with using the Census Bureau's historical administrative data.
    View Full Paper PDF
  • Working Paper

    Nonresponse and Coverage Bias in the Household Pulse Survey: Evidence from Administrative Data

    October 2024

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-24-60

    The Household Pulse Survey (HPS) conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau is a unique survey that provided timely data on the effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on American households and continues to provide data on other emergent social and economic issues. Because the survey has a response rate in the single digits and only has an online response mode, there are concerns about nonresponse and coverage bias. In this paper, we match administrative data from government agencies and third-party data to HPS respondents to examine how representative they are of the U.S. population. For comparison, we create a benchmark of American Community Survey (ACS) respondents and nonrespondents and include the ACS respondents as another point of reference. Overall, we find that the HPS is less representative of the U.S. population than the ACS. However, performance varies across administrative variables, and the existing weighting adjustments appear to greatly improve the representativeness of the HPS. Additionally, we look at household characteristics by their email domain to examine the effects on coverage from limiting email messages in 2023 to addresses from the contact frame with at least 90% deliverability rates, finding no clear change in the representativeness of the HPS afterwards.
    View Full Paper PDF
  • Working Paper

    Incorporating Administrative Data in Survey Weights for the 2018-2022 Survey of Income and Program Participation

    October 2024

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-24-58

    Response rates to the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) have declined over time, raising the potential for nonresponse bias in survey estimates. A potential solution is to leverage administrative data from government agencies and third-party data providers when constructing survey weights. In this paper, we modify various parts of the SIPP weighting algorithm to incorporate such data. We create these new weights for the 2018 through 2022 SIPP panels and examine how the new weights affect survey estimates. Our results show that before weighting adjustments, SIPP respondents in these panels have higher socioeconomic status than the general population. Existing weighting procedures reduce many of these differences. Comparing SIPP estimates between the production weights and the administrative data-based weights yields changes that are not uniform across the joint income and program participation distribution. Unlike other Census Bureau household surveys, there is no large increase in nonresponse bias in SIPP due to the COVID-19 Pandemic. In summary, the magnitude and sign of nonresponse bias in SIPP is complicated, and the existing weighting procedures may change the sign of nonresponse bias for households with certain incomes and program benefit statuses.
    View Full Paper PDF
  • Working Paper

    Comparison of Child Reporting in the American Community Survey and Federal Income Tax Returns Based on California Birth Records

    September 2024

    Authors: Gloria G. Aldana

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-24-55

    This paper takes advantage of administrative records from California, a state with a large child population and a significant historical undercount of children in Census Bureau data, dependent information in the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) Form 1040 records, and the American Community Survey to characterize undercounted children and compare child reporting. While IRS Form 1040 records offer potential utility for adjusting child undercounting in Census Bureau surveys, this analysis finds overlapping reporting issues among various demographic and economic groups. Specifically, older children, those of Non-Hispanic Black mothers and Hispanic mothers, children or parents with lower English proficiency, children whose mothers did not complete high school, and families with lower income-to-poverty ratio were less frequently reported in IRS 1040 records than other groups. Therefore, using IRS 1040 dependent records may have limitations for accurately representing populations with characteristics associated with the undercount of children in surveys.
    View Full Paper PDF