Same Shock, Separate Channels: House Prices and Firm Performance in the Great Recession
January 2026
Working Paper Number:
CES-26-03
Abstract
Combining confidential business-level microdata with housing and banking data, I document large and persistent effects of local house prices on employment at small businesses, and particularly young businesses, during the Great Recession. I show that the effect on entry is important for explaining the disproportionate effect on young businesses, while young firm exit is also disproportionately affected. I then explore the channels through which house prices affect business outcomes. I use survey data to show that reliance on either personal assets or home equity is associated with increased sensitivity to house prices. I then use local bank balance sheet information to show both young and old firms are sensitive to local credit shocks, with some evidence of a larger effect on young businesses. I develop a macroeconomic model that is consistent with these findings where house prices work through two channels: a bank credit supply channel and a housing collateral channel.
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macroeconomic,
microdata,
financing,
borrower,
lending,
loan,
bank,
lender,
borrowing,
impact,
debt,
equity,
borrow,
housing,
credit,
home,
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banking,
mortgage
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Bureau of Economic Analysis,
University of Maryland,
Longitudinal Business Database,
Department of Economics,
Federal Reserve System,
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Census Bureau Disclosure Review Board,
Survey of Business Owners,
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