The Determinants of Quality Specialization
June 2015
Working Paper Number:
CES-15-15
Abstract
A growing literature suggests that high-income countries export high-quality goods. Two hypotheses may explain such specialization, with different implications for welfare, inequality, and trade policy. Fajgelbaum, Grossman, and Helpman (2011) formalize the Linder hypothesis that home demand determines the pattern of specialization and therefore predict that high-income locations export high-quality products. The factor-proportions model also predicts that skill abundant, high-income locations export skill intensive, high-quality products. Prior empirical evidence does not separate these explanations. I develop a model that nests both hypotheses and employ microdata on US manufacturing plants' shipments and factor inputs to quantify the two mechanisms' roles in quality specialization across US cities. Home-market demand explains at least as much of the relationship between income and quality as differences in factor usage.
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demand,
production,
manufacturing,
import,
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commodity,
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monopolistically,
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good,
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Census of Manufactures,
Total Factor Productivity,
Bureau of Economic Analysis,
Census of Manufacturing Firms,
Economic Census,
North American Industry Classification System,
Core Based Statistical Area,
Commodity Flow Survey,
International Standard Industrial Classification
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