Fraudulent Financial Reporting and the Consequences for Employees
March 2019
Working Paper Number:
CES-19-12
Abstract
We examine employment effects, such as wages and employee turnover, before, during, and after periods of fraudulent financial reporting. To analyze these effects, we combine U.S. Census data with SEC enforcement actions against firms with serious misreporting ('fraud'). We find compared to a matched sample that fraud firms' employee wages decline by 9% and the separation rate is higher by 12% during and after fraud periods while employment growth at fraud firms is positive during fraud periods and negative afterward. We discuss several reasons that plausibly drive these findings. (i) Frauds cause informational opacity, misleading employees to still join or continue to work at the firm. (ii) During fraud, managers overinvest in labor changing employee mix, and after fraud the overemployment is unwound causing effects from displacement. (iii) Fraud is misconduct; association with misconduct can affect workers in the labor market. We explore the heterogeneous effects of fraudulent financial reporting, including thin and thick labor markets, bankruptcy and non-bankruptcy firms, worker movements, pre-fraud wage levels, and period of hire. Negative wage effects are prevalent across these sample cuts, indicating that fraudulent financial reporting appears to create meaningful and negative consequences for employees possibly through channels such as labor market disruptions, punishment, and stigma.
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endogeneity,
quarterly,
earnings,
employ,
labor,
accounting,
turnover,
bankruptcy,
layoff,
fluctuation
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Standard Statistical Establishment List,
Internal Revenue Service,
Bureau of Labor Statistics,
Securities and Exchange Commission,
Longitudinal Business Database,
Initial Public Offering,
Employer Identification Numbers,
General Accounting Office,
Alfred P Sloan Foundation,
Longitudinal Employer Household Dynamics,
Employer Characteristics File,
Ohio State University,
Stanford University,
International Trade Research Report
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