CREAT: Census Research Exploration and Analysis Tool

A New Measure of Multiple Jobholding in the U.S. Economy

September 2020

Working Paper Number:

CES-20-26

Abstract

We create a measure of multiple jobholding from the U.S. Census Bureau's Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics data. This new series shows that 7.8 percent of persons in the U.S. are multiple jobholders, this percentage is pro-cyclical, and has been trending upward during the past twenty years. The data also show that earnings from secondary jobs are, on average, 27.8 percent of a multiple jobholder's total quarterly earnings. Multiple jobholding occurs at all levels of earnings, with both higher- and lower-earnings multiple jobholders earning more than 25 percent of their total earnings from multiple jobs. These new statistics tell us that multiple jobholding is more important in the U.S. economy than we knew.

Document Tags and Keywords

Keywords Keywords are automatically generated using KeyBERT, a powerful and innovative keyword extraction tool that utilizes BERT embeddings to ensure high-quality and contextually relevant keywords.

By analyzing the content of working papers, KeyBERT identifies terms and phrases that capture the essence of the text, highlighting the most significant topics and trends. This approach not only enhances searchability but provides connections that go beyond potentially domain-specific author-defined keywords.
:
quarterly, earnings, employed, accounting, recession, workforce, salary, earn

Tags Tags are automatically generated using a pretrained language model from spaCy, which excels at several tasks, including entity tagging.

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Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey, Unemployment Insurance, Longitudinal Employer Household Dynamics, Employer-Household Dynamics, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, Census Bureau Disclosure Review Board, Disclosure Review Board

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