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Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics

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The LEHD program maintains an active research program oriented on the use of longitudinally linked employer-employee data. This includes activities such as developing new prototypes for data products, research comparing administrative and survey data, and working to expand use of administrative data in the federal statistical system. LEHD economists share their research at academic conferences and publish in peer-reviewed journals and other scholarly outlets.

Research using LEHD microdata is also carried out by qualified academic researchers under approved projects using a secure network of Federal Statistical Research Data Centers (FSRDCs). Please use the following link to view more information on accessing LEHD data through the FSRDCs. A detailed set of technical documents describing the available dataset is available in the LEHD Snapshot documentation.

Recent Working Papers

The following set of working papers highlight recent research of LEHD staff and FSRDC researchers using LEHD data. Older working papers can be found in the CES discussion paper series This link to a non-federal Web site does not imply endorsement of any particular product, company, or content. . Prior to 2008, a separate LEHD Technical Paper series This link to a non-federal Web site does not imply endorsement of any particular product, company, or content. was maintained.


  • Is the Gender Pay Gap Largest at the Top?
    Ariel J. Binder; Amanda Eng; Kendall Houghton; Andrew Foote (23-61 This link to a non-federal Web site does not imply endorsement of any particular product, company, or content.)

  • Industry Wage Differentials: A Firm-Based Approach
    David Card; Jesse Rothstein; Moises Yi (23-40 This link to a non-federal Web site does not imply endorsement of any particular product, company, or content.)

  • The Gender Pay Gap and its Determinants across the Human Capital Distribution
    Ariel J. Binder; Amanda Eng; Kendall Houghton; Andrew Foote (23-31 This link to a non-federal Web site does not imply endorsement of any particular product, company, or content.)

  • Where Have All the "Creative Talents" Gone? Employment Dynamics of US Inventors
    Ufuk Akcigit; Nathan Goldschlag (23-17 This link to a non-federal Web site does not imply endorsement of any particular product, company, or content.)

  • Maternal and Infant Health Inequality: New Evidence from Linked Administrative Data
    Kate Kennedy-Moulton; Sarah Miller; Petra Persson; Maya Rossin-Slater; Laura Wherry; Gloria Aldana (22-55 This link to a non-federal Web site does not imply endorsement of any particular product, company, or content.)

  • LEHD Snapshot Documentation, Release S2021_R2022Q4
    Matthew Graham; Erika McEntarfer; Kevin McKinney; Stephen Tibbets; Lee Tucker (22-51 This link to a non-federal Web site does not imply endorsement of any particular product, company, or content.)

  • Diversity and Labor Market Outcomes in the Economics Profession
    Lucia Foster; Erika McEntarfer; Danielle H. Sandler (22-26 This link to a non-federal Web site does not imply endorsement of any particular product, company, or content.)

  • Location, Location, Location
    David Card; Jesse Rothstein; Moises Yi (21-32 This link to a non-federal Web site does not imply endorsement of any particular product, company, or content.)

  • Comparing Earnings Outcome Differences Between All Graduates and Title IV Graduates
    Andrew Foote (21-19 This link to a non-federal Web site does not imply endorsement of any particular product, company, or content.)

  • Cyclical Worker Flows: Cleansing vs. Sullying
    John Haltiwanger; Henry Hyatt; Erika McEntarfer; Matthew Staiger (21-10 This link to a non-federal Web site does not imply endorsement of any particular product, company, or content.)

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