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1. Purpose

The public-use data from the Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics (LEHD) Program are available for download with this data schema. The following data products are described:

  • Quarterly Workforce Indicators (QWI)

  • Job-to-Job Flows (J2J)

  • Post-Secondary Employment Outcomes (PSEO)

These data are available through the LEHD website’s Data page at https://lehd.ces.census.gov/data/ (QWI, J2J, PSEO) and through the LED Extraction Tool at https://ledextract.ces.census.gov/ (QWI, J2J).

This document describes the data schema for LEHD files. LEHD-provided SHP files are separately described in lehd_shapefiles.html. For each variable, a set of allowable values is defined.Definitions are provided as CSV files, with header variable definitions. Changes are listed in lehd_changelog.html.

2. File naming

The naming conventions of the data files is documented in lehd_csv_naming.html.

3. Extends

This version reimplements some features from V4.0. Many files compliant with LEHD or QWI Schema v4.0 will also be compliant with this schema, but compatibility is not guaranteed.

4. Basic Schema

Each data file is structured as a CSV file.The first columns contain [identifiers], subsequent columns contain [indicators], followed by status flags.In some cases, visually formatted Excel (XLSX) files are also available, containing the same information together with header lines on each sheet.

4.1. Generic Structure

Column name

[ Identifier1 ]

[ Identifier2 ]

[ Identifier3 ]

[ …​ ]

[ Indicator 1 ]

[ Indicator 2 ]

[ Indicator 3 ]

[ …​ ]

[ Status Flag 1 ]

[ Status Flag 2 ]

[ Status Flag 3 ]

[ …​ ]

Note: A full list of indicators for each type of file are shown below in the Indicators section. While all indicators are included in the CSV files, only the requested indicators will be included in data outputs from the LED Extraction Tool.

4.2. Identifiers

Records, unless otherwise noted, are parts of time-series data. Unique record identifiers are noted below, by file type. Identifiers without the year and quarter component can be considered a series identifier.

4.2.1. Mapping for Identifiers

( lehd_mapping_identifiers.csv )

Each of the released files has a set of variables uniquely identifying records ('Identifiers'). The table below relates the set of identifier specifications to the released files. The actual CSV files containing the identifiers for each set are listed after this table. Each identifier can take on a specified list of values, documented in the section on Categorical Variables.

identifiers QWI NQWI J2J J2JR J2JOD PSEOE PSEOF LODES

lehd_identifiers_qwi

1

1

lehd_identifiers_j2j

1

1

lehd_identifiers_j2jod

1

lehd_identifiers_pseo

1

1

4.2.2. Identifiers for QWI

( lehd_identifiers_qwi.csv )

Variable Type label

periodicity

Char(1)

Periodicity of report

seasonadj

Char(1)

Seasonal Adjustment Indicator

geo_level

Char(1)

Group: Geographic level of aggregation

geography

Char(8)

Group: Geography code

ind_level

Char(1)

Group: Industry level of aggregation

industry

Char(5)

Group: Industry code

ownercode

Char(3)

Group: Ownership group code

sex

Char(1)

Group: Gender code

agegrp

Char(3)

Group: Age group code (WIA)

race

Char(2)

Group: race

ethnicity

Char(2)

Group: ethnicity

education

Char(2)

Group: education

firmage

Char(1)

Group: Firm Age group

firmsize

Char(1)

Group: Firm Size group

year

Num

Time: Year

quarter

Num

Time: Quarter

4.2.3. Identifiers for J2J

( lehd_identifiers_j2j.csv )

Variable Type label

periodicity

Char(1)

Periodicity of report

seasonadj

Char(1)

Seasonal Adjustment Indicator

geo_level

Char(1)

Group: Geographic level of aggregation

geography

Char(8)

Group: Geography code

ind_level

Char(1)

Group: Industry level of aggregation

industry

Char(5)

Group: Industry code

ownercode

Char(3)

Group: Ownership group code

sex

Char(1)

Group: Gender code

agegrp

Char(3)

Group: Age group code (WIA)

race

Char(2)

Group: race

ethnicity

Char(2)

Group: ethnicity

education

Char(2)

Group: education

firmage

Char(1)

Group: Firm Age group

firmsize

Char(1)

Group: Firm Size group

year

Num

Time: Year

quarter

Num

Time: Quarter

agg_level

Num

Aggregation Level Indicator

4.2.4. Identifiers for J2JOD

( lehd_identifiers_j2jod.csv )

Variable Type label

periodicity

Char(1)

Periodicity of report

seasonadj

Char(1)

Seasonal Adjustment Indicator

geo_level

Char(1)

Group: Geographic level of aggregation of destination job

geography

Char(8)

Group: Geography code of destination job

ind_level

Char(1)

Group: Industry level of aggregation of destination job

industry

Char(5)

Group: Industry code of destination job

ownercode

Char(3)

Group: Ownership group code of destination job

sex

Char(1)

Group: Gender code

agegrp

Char(3)

Group: Age group code (WIA)

race

Char(2)

Group: race

ethnicity

Char(2)

Group: ethnicity

education

Char(2)

Group: education

firmage

Char(1)

Group: Firm Age group

firmsize

Char(1)

Group: Firm Size group

year

Num

Time: Year

quarter

Num

Time: Quarter

agg_level

Num

Aggregation Level Indicator

geo_level_orig

Char(1)

Group: Geographic level of aggregation of origin job

geography_orig

Char(8)

Group: Geography code of origin job

ind_level_orig

Char(1)

Group: Industry level of aggregation of origin job

industry_orig

Char(5)

Group: Industry code of origin job

ownercode_orig

Char(3)

Group: Ownership group code of origin job

firmage_orig

Char(1)

Group: Firm Age group of origin job

firmsize_orig

Char(1)

Group: Firm Size group of origin job

4.2.5. Identifiers for PSEO

( lehd_identifiers_pseo.csv )

Variable Type label

agg_level_pseo

Numeric

Aggregation level

inst_level

Char(1)

Tabulation level of the institution

institution

Char(8)

Place of the institution

degree_level

Char(2)

Degree level code

cip_level

Char(1)

Degree field level of aggregation

cipcode

Char(7)

Degree field

grad_cohort

Char(4)

First year of graduation cohort (YYYY) - All Cohorts 0000

grad_cohort_years

Numeric

Number of years in graduation cohort

geo_level

Char(1)

Group: Geographic level of employment

geography

Char(8)

Group: Geography code of employment

ind_level

Char(1)

Group: Industry level of employment

industry

Char(5)

Group: Industry code of employment

4.3. Indicators

The following tables and associated mapping files list the indicators available on each file. The descriptor files themselves are structured as follows:

  • The ''Indicator Variable'' is the short name of the variable on the CSV files, suitable for machine processing in a wide variety of statistical applications.

  • When given, the ''Alternate name'' may appear in related documentation and articles.

  • The ''Status Flag'' is used to indicate publication or data quality status (see Status Flags).

  • The ''Indicator Name'' is a non-abbreviated version of the ''Indicator Variable''.

  • The ''Description'' provides more verbose description of the variable.

  • ''Units'' identify the type of variable according to a very simplified taxonomy (not formalized yet): counts, rates, monetary amounts.

  • ''Concept'' classifies the variables into higher-level concepts. The taxonomy for these concepts has not been finalized yet, see label_concept_draft.csv for a draft version.

  • The ''Base'' indicates the denominator used to compute the statistic, and may be '1'.

4.3.1. QWI Counts (QWI)

( variables_qwi.csv )

Indicator Variable Alternate Name Status Flag Indicator Name Description Units Concept Base

Emp

B

sEmp

Beginning-of-Quarter Employment

Estimate of the total number of jobs on the first day of the reference quarter

Count

Employment

1

EmpEnd

E

sEmpEnd

End-of-Quarter Employment

Estimate of the number of jobs on the last day of the quarter

Count

Employment

1

EmpS

F

sEmpS

Full-Quarter Employment (Stable)

Estimate of stable jobs - the number of jobs that are held on both the first and last day of the quarter with the same employer

Count

Employment

1

EmpTotal

M

sEmpTotal

Employment - Reference Quarter

Estimated count of people employed in a firm at any time during the quarter

Count

Employment

1

EmpSpv

Fpv

sEmpSpv

Full-Quarter Employment in the Previous Quarter

Estimate of stable jobs in the quarter before the reference quarter

Count

Employment

1

HirA

A

sHirA

Hires (All Accessions)

Estimated number of workers who started a new job in the specified quarter

Count

Hire

1

HirN

H

sHirN

New Hires

Estimated number of workers who started a new job excluding recall hires

Count

Hire

1

HirR

R

sHirR

Recall Hires

Estimated number of workers who returned to the same employer where they had worked within the previous year

Count

Hire

1

Sep

S

sSep

Separations (All)

Estimated number of workers whose job with a given employer ended in the specified quarter

Count

Separation

1

HirAEnd

CA

sHirAEnd

End-of-Quarter Hires

Estimated number of workers who started a new job in the specified quarter, which continued into next quarter

Count

Hire

1

SepBeg

CS

sSepBeg

Beginning-of-Quarter Separations

Estimated number of workers whose job in the previous quarter continued and ended in the given quarter

Count

Separation

1

HirAEndRepl

EI

sHirAEndRepl

Replacement Hires

Hires into continuous quarter employment in excess of job creation

Count

Hire

1

HirAEndR

CAR

sHirAEndR

End-of-Quarter Hiring Rate

Hires as a percent of average employment

Rate

Hire

(Emp + EmpEnd)/2

SepBegR

CSR

sSepBegR

Beginning-of-Quarter Separation Rate

Separations as a percent of average employment

Rate

Separation

(Emp + EmpEnd)/2

HirAEndReplR

EIR

sHirAEndReplR

Replacement Hiring Rate

Replacement hires as a percent of the average of beginning- and end-of-quarter employment

Rate

Hire

(Emp + EmpEnd)/2

HirAS

FA

sHirAS

Hires (All Hires into Full-Quarter Employment)

Estimated number of workers that started a job that lasted at least one full quarter with a given employer

Count

Hire

1

HirNS

FH

sHirNS

New Hires (New Hires into Full-Quarter Employment)

Estimated number of workers who started a job that they had not held within the past year and the job turned into a job that lasted at least a full quarter with a given employer

Count

Hire

1

SepS

FS

sSepS

Separations (Flows out of Full-Quarter Employment)

Estimated number of workers who had a job for at least a full quarter and then the job ended

Count

Separation

1

SepSnx

FSnx

sSepSnx

Separations in the Next Quarter (Flows out of Full-Quarter Employment)

Estimated number of workers in the next quarter who had a job for at least a full quarter and then the job ended

Count

Separation

1

TurnOvrS

FT

sTurnOvrS

Turnover (Stable)

The rate at which stable jobs begin and end

Rate

Turnover

2*EmpS

FrmJbGn

JC

sFrmJbGn

Firm Job Gains (Job Creation)

Estimated number of jobs gained at firms throughout the quarter

Count

Job Flows

1

FrmJbLs

JD

sFrmJbLs

Firm Job Loss (Job Destruction)

Estimated number of jobs lost at firms throughout the quarter

Count

Job Flows

1

FrmJbC

JF

sFrmJbC

Firm Job Change (Net Change)

Difference between firm job gain and firm job loss

Count

Job Flows

1

FrmJbGnS

FJC

sFrmJbGnS

Firm Job Gains (Stable)

Estimated number of full-quarter jobs gained at firms

Count

Job Flows

1

FrmJbLsS

FJD

sFrmJbLsS

Firm Job Loss (Stable)

Estimated number of full-quarter jobs lost at firms

Count

Job Flows

1

FrmJbCS

FJF

sFrmJbCS

Firm Job Change (Stable; Net Change)

Net growth in jobs that last a full quarter

Count

Job Flows

1

EarnS

ZW3

sEarnS

Average Monthly Earnings (Full-Quarter Employment)

Average monthly earnings of employees with stable jobs

Dollars

Earnings

EmpS

EarnBeg

ZW2B

sEarnBeg

Average Monthly Earnings (Beginning-of-Quarter Employment)

Average monthly earnings of employees who worked on the first day of the reference quarter

Dollars

Earnings

Emp

EarnHirAS

ZWFA

sEarnHirAS

Average Monthly Earnings (All Hires into Full-Quarter Employment)

Average monthly earnings for workers who started a job that turned into a job lasting a full quarter

Dollars

Earnings

HirAS

EarnHirNS

ZWFH

sEarnHirNS

Average Monthly Earnings (New Hires into Full-Quarter Employment)

Average monthly earnings of newly stable employees

Dollars

Earnings

HirNS

EarnSepS

ZWFS

sEarnSepS

Average Monthly Earnings (Flows out of Full-Quarter Employment)

Average monthly earnings of separations from full-quarter status at an establishment

Dollars

Earnings

SepSnx

Payroll

W1

sPayroll

Total Quarterly Payroll

Total quarterly payroll for all jobs

Dollars

Earnings

1

4.3.2. QWI Rates (QWIR)

Rates are computed from published data, and are provided as a convenience.

( variables_qwir.csv )

Indicator Variable Alternate Name Status Flag Indicator Name Description Units Concept Base

HirAR

AR

sHirAR

Hiring Rate (All Accessions)

All accessions as a percent of average employment

Rate

Hire

(Emp + EmpEnd)/2

HirNR

HR

sHirNR

New Hiring Rate

New hires as a percent of average employment

Rate

Hire

(Emp + EmpEnd)/2

HirRR

RR

sHirRR

Recall Rate

Recall hires as a percent of average employment

Rate

Hire

(Emp + EmpEnd)/2

SepR

SR

sSepR

Separation Rate (All Separations)

All separations as a percent of average employment

Rate

Separation

(Emp + EmpEnd)/2

HirAEndR

CAR

sHirAEndR

End-of-Quarter Hiring Rate

Hires as a percent of average employment

Rate

Hire

(Emp + EmpEnd)/2

SepBegR

CSR

sSepBegR

Beginning-of-Quarter Separation Rate

Separations as a percent of average employment

Rate

Separation

(Emp + EmpEnd)/2

HirAEndReplR

EIR

sHirAEndReplR

Replacement Hiring Rate

Replacement hires as a percent of average employment

Rate

Hire

(Emp + EmpEnd)/2

HirASR

FAR

sHirASR

Hiring Rate (Flows into Full-Quarter Employment)

Flows into stable employment as a percent of average stable employment

Rate

Hire

(EmpSpv + EmpS)/2

HirNSR

FHR

sHirNSR

New Hiring Rate (New Hires to Full-Quarter Status)

New hires into stable employment as a percent of average stable employment

Rate

Hire

(EmpSpv + EmpS)/2

SepSR

FSR

sSepSR

Separation Rate (Flows out of Full-Quarter Employment)

Flows out of stable employment as a percent of average stable employment

Rate

Separation

(EmpSpv + EmpS)/2

SepSnxR

FSnxR

sSepSnxR

Separation Rate in the Next Quarter (Flow out of Full-Quarter Employment)

Flow rate out of stable employment in the next quarter

Rate

Separation

(EmpSpv + EmpS)/2

TurnOvrSR

FTR

sTurnOvrSR

Turnover Rate (Stable)

The rate at which stable jobs begin and end

Rate

Turnover

2*EmpS

FrmJbGnR

JCR

sFrmJbGnR

Firm Job Gain Rate (Job Creation Rate)

Estimated number of jobs gained at firms throughout the quarter as a percent of average employment

Rate

Job Flows

(Emp + EmpEnd)/2

FrmJbLsR

JDR

sFrmJbLsR

Firm Job Loss Rate (Job Destruction Rate)

Estimated number of jobs lost at firms throughout the quarter as a percent of average employment

Rate

Job Flows

(Emp + EmpEnd)/2

FrmJbCR

JFR

sFrmJbCR

Firm Job Change Rate (Net Change Rate)

Difference between firm job gain and firm job loss as a percent of average employment

Rate

Job Flows

(Emp + EmpEnd)/2

FrmJbGnSR

FJCR

sFrmJbGnSR

Firm Job Gain Rate (Stable)

Estimated number of full-quarter jobs gained at firms as a percent of average stable employment

Rate

Job Flows

(EmpSpv + EmpS)/2

FrmJbLsSR

FJDR

sFrmJbLsSR

Firm Job Loss Rate (Stable)

Estimated number of full-quarter jobs lost at firms as a percent of average stable employment

Rate

Job Flows

(EmpSpv + EmpS)/2

FrmJbCSR

FJFR

sFrmJbCSR

Firm Job Change Rate (Stable; Net Change Rate)

Net growth in jobs that last a full quarter as a percent of average stable employment

Rate

Job Flows

(EmpSpv + EmpS)/2

4.3.3. J2J Counts (J2J)

( variables_j2j.csv )

Indicator Variable Alternate Name Status Flag Indicator Name Description Units Concept Base

MHire

all_doma2

sMHire

Hires

Hires into a worker’s main job

Count

Hire

1

MSep

all_doms2

sMSep

Separations

Separations from a worker’s main job

Count

Separation

1

MJobStart

first_dome

sMJobStart

Main Job Starts

New main jobs due to hires and instances when a previously existing secondary job becomes the main source of earnings

Count

Hire

1

MJobEnd

last_domb

sMJobEnd

Main Job Ends

End of main jobs due to separations and instances when another job becomes the main source of earnings

Count

Separation

1

EEHire

ee_doma2

sEEHire

Job-to-Job Hires (Continuous Employment)

Hires following a separation with no observed nonemployment spell

Count

Hire

1

EESep

ee_doms2

sEESep

Job-to-Job Separations (Continuous Employment)

Separations followed by a hire with no observed nonemployment spell

Count

Separation

1

AQHire

aq_doma2

sAQHire

Job-to-Job Hires (Brief Nonemployment)

Hires following a separation with a short nonemployment spell

Count

Hire

1

AQSep

aq_doms2

sAQSep

Job-to-Job Separations (Brief Nonemployment)

Separations followed by a hire with a short nonemployment spell

Count

Separation

1

J2JHire

j2j_doma2

sJ2JHire

Job-to-Job Hires

Hires following a separation (short or no observed nonemployment spell)

Count

Hire

1

J2JSep

j2j_doms2

sJ2JSep

Job-to-Job Separations

Separations followed by a hire (short or no observed nonemployment spell)

Count

Separation

1

NEHire

ne_doma2

sNEHire

Hires from Nonemployment

Hires following any spell of nonemployment

Count

Hire

1

ENSep

en_doms2

sENSep

Separations to Nonemployment

Separations into any spell of nonemployment

Count

Separation

1

NEPersist

ne2_doma2

sNEPersist

Hires from Persistent Nonemployment

Hires following a spell of persistent nonemployment

Count

Hire

1

ENPersist

en2_doms2

sENPersist

Separations to Persistent Nonemployment

Separations into a spell of persistent nonemployment

Count

Separation

1

NEFullQ

ne2p_doma2

sNEFullQ

Hires from Full-Quarter Nonemployment

Hires following a spell of full-quarter nonemployment (does not include intermittently employed)

Count

Hire

1

ENFullQ

en2p_doms2

sENFullQ

Separations to Full-Quarter Nonemployment

Separations into a spell of full-quarter nonemployment (does not include intermittently employed)

Count

Separation

1

MainB

domB

sMainB

Employment (Beginning of Quarter)

Main jobs held on the first day of the quarter

Count

Employment

1

MainE

domE

sMainE

Employment (End of Quarter)

Main jobs held on the last day of the quarter

Count

Employment

1

EESepS

fee_doms2

sEESepS

Stable Job-to-Job Separations (Continuous Employment)

Separations from stable employment followed by a hire to stable employment with no observed nonemployment spell

Count

Separation

1

EEHireS

fee_doma2

sEEHireS

Stable Job-to-Job Hires (Continuous Employment)

Hires to stable employment following a separation from stable employment with no observed nonemployment spell

Count

Hire

1

AQSepS

faq_doms2

sAQSepS

Stable Job-to-Job Separations (Brief Nonemployment)

Separations from stable employment followed by a hire to stable employment with a short nonemployment spell

Count

Separation

1

AQHireS

faq_doma2

sAQHireS

Stable Job-to-Job Hires (Brief Nonemployment)

Hires to stable employment following a separation from stable employment with a short nonemployment spell

Count

Hire

1

NEPersistS

fne2_doma2

sNEPersistS

Stable Hires from Persistent Nonemployment

Hires to stable employment following a spell of persistent nonemployment

Count

Hire

1

ENPersistS

fen2_doms2

sENPersistS

Stable Separations to Persistent Nonemployment

Separations from stable employment into a spell of persistent nonemployment

Count

Separation

1

JobStayS

f4dombe

sJobStayS

Stable Job Stayer

Stable main jobs that did not change during the reference quarter

Count

Employment

1

MainBS

fdomb

sMainBS

Stable Employment (Beginning of Quarter)

Stable main jobs held on the first day of the quarter

Count

Employment

1

MainES

fdome

sMainES

Stable Employment (End of Quarter)

Stable main jobs held on the last day of the quarter

Count

Employment

1

NEHireSEarn_Dest

fne2_doma2_kfqearn

sNEHireSEarn_Dest

Average Earnings following Stable Hires from Persistent Nonemployment

Average quarterly earnings following hires to stable employment from a spell of persistent nonemployment

Dollars

Earnings

NEPersistS

ENSepSEarn_Orig

fen2_doms2_jfqearn

sENSepSEarn_Orig

Average Earnings prior to Stable Separations to Persistent Nonemployment

Average quarterly earnings prior to separations from stable employment into a spell of persistent nonemployment

Dollars

Earnings

ENPersistS

JobStaySEarn_Orig

f4dombe_jfqearn

sJobStaySEarn_Orig

Average Earnings prior to Stable Job Stayer

Average quarterly earnings in the previous quarter when workers stayed in a stable job

Dollars

Earnings

JobStayS

JobStaySEarn_Dest

f4dombe_kfqearn

sJobStaySEarn_Dest

Average Earnings following Stable Job Stayer

Average quarterly earnings in the quarter when workers stayed in a stable job

Dollars

Earnings

JobStayS

EESepSEarn_Orig

fee_doms2_jfqearn

sEESepSEarn_Orig

Average Earnings prior to Stable Job-to-Job Separations (Continuous Employment)

Average quarterly earnings prior to job flows with no observed nonemployment spell

Dollars

Earnings

EESepS

EEHireSEarn_Dest

fee_doma2_kfqearn

sEEHireSEarn_Dest

Average Earnings following Stable Job-to-Job Hires (Continuous Employment)

Average quarterly earnings following job flows with no observed nonemployment spell

Dollars

Earnings

EEHireS

AQSepSEarn_Orig

faq_doms2_jfqearn

sAQSepSEarn_Orig

Average Earnings prior to Stable Job-to-Job Separations (Brief Nonemployment)

Average quarterly earnings prior to job flows with a short nonemployment spell

Dollars

Earnings

AQSepS

AQHireSEarn_Dest

faq_doma2_kfqearn

sAQHireSEarn_Dest

Average Earnings following Stable Job-to-Job Hires (Brief Nonemployment)

Average quarterly earnings following job flows with a short nonemployment spell

Dollars

Earnings

AQHireS

4.3.4. J2J Rates (J2JR)

( variables_j2jr.csv )

Rates are computed from published data, and are provided as a convenience.

Indicator Variable Alternate Name Status Flag Indicator Name Description Units Concept Base

MHireR

all_doma2_rate

sMHireR

Hires

Rate of hires into a worker’s main job

Rate

Hire

((MainB+MainE)/2)

MSepR

all_doms2_rate

sMSepR

Separations

Rate of separations from a worker’s main job

Rate

Separation

((MainB+MainE)/2)

MJobStartR

first_dome_rate

sMJobStartR

Main Job Starts

Rate of new main jobs due to hires and instances when a previously existing secondary job becomes the main source of earnings

Rate

Hire

((MainB+MainE)/2)

MJobEndR

last_domb_rate

sMJobEndR

Main Job Ends

Rate of end of main jobs due to separations and instances when another job becomes the main source of earnings

Rate

Separation

((MainB+MainE)/2)

EEHireR

ee_doma2_rate

sEEHireR

Job-to-Job Hires (Continuous Employment)

Rate of hires following a separation with no observed nonemployment spell

Rate

Hire

((MainB+MainE)/2)

EESepR

ee_doms2_rate

sEESepR

Job-to-Job Separations (Continuous Employment)

Rate of separations followed by a hire with no observed nonemployment spell

Rate

Separation

((MainB+MainE)/2)

AQHireR

aq_doma2_rate

sAQHireR

Job-to-Job Hires (Brief Nonemployment)

Rate of hires following a separation with a short nonemployment spell

Rate

Hire

((MainB+MainE)/2)

AQSepR

aq_doms2_rate

sAQSepR

Job-to-Job Separations (Brief Nonemployment)

Rate of separations followed by a hire with a short nonemployment spell

Rate

Separation

((MainB+MainE)/2)

J2JHireR

j2j_doma2_rate

sJ2JHireR

Job-to-Job Hires

Rate of hires following a separation (short or no observed nonemployment spell)

Rate

Hire

((MainB+MainE)/2)

J2JSepR

j2j_doms2_rate

sJ2JSepR

Job-to-Job Separations

Rate of separations followed by a hire (short or no observed nonemployment spell)

Rate

Separation

((MainB+MainE)/2)

NEHireR

ne_doma2_rate

sNEHireR

Hires from Nonemployment

Rate of hires following any spell of nonemployment

Rate

Hire

((MainB+MainE)/2)

ENSepR

en_doms2_rate

sENSepR

Separations to Nonemployment

Rate of separations into any spell of nonemployment

Rate

Separation

((MainB+MainE)/2)

NEPersistR

ne2_doma2_rate

sNEPersistR

Hires from Persistent Nonemployment

Rate of hires following a spell of persistent nonemployment

Rate

Hire

((MainB+MainE)/2)

ENPersistR

en2_doms2_rate

sENPersistR

Separations to Persistent Nonemployment

Rate of separations into a spell of persistent nonemployment

Rate

Separation

((MainB+MainE)/2)

NEFullQR

ne2p_doma2_rate

sNEFullQR

Hires from Full-Quarter Nonemployment

Rate of hires following a spell of full-quarter nonemployment (does not include intermittently employed)

Rate

Hire

((MainB+MainE)/2)

ENFullQR

en2p_doms2_rate

sENFullQR

Separations to Full-Quarter Nonemployment

Rate of separations into a spell of full-quarter nonemployment (does not include intermittently employed)

Rate

Separation

((MainB+MainE)/2)

4.3.5. J2J Flow Origin-Destination (J2JOD)

( variables_j2jod.csv )

Indicator Variable Alternate Name Status Flag Indicator Name Description Units Concept Base

EE

ee_doma2

sEE

Job-to-Job Flows (Continuous Employment)

Job flows with no observed nonemployment spell

Count

Hire

1

AQHire

aq_doma2

sAQHire

Job-to-Job Flows (Brief Nonemployment)

Job flows with a short nonemployment spell

Count

Hire

1

EES

fee_doma2

sEES

Stable Job-to-Job Flows (Continuous Employment)

Job flows from stable employment into stable employment with no observed nonemployment spell

Count

Hire

1

AQHireS

faq_doma2

sAQHireS

Stable Job-to-Job Flows (Brief Nonemployment)

Job flows from stable employment into stable employment with a short nonemployment spell

Count

Hire

1

EESEarn_Orig

fee_doma2_jfqearn

sEESEarn_Orig

Average Earnings prior to Job-to-Job Flows (Continuous Employment)

Average quarterly earnings prior to job flows with no observed nonemployment spell

Dollars

Earnings

EES

EESEarn_Dest

fee_doma2_kfqearn

sEESEarn_Dest

Average Earnings following Job-to-Job Flows (Continuous Employment)

Average quarterly earnings following job flows with no observed nonemployment spell

Dollars

Earnings

EES

AQHireSEarn_Orig

faq_doma2_jfqearn

sAQHireSEarn_Orig

Average Earnings prior to Job-to-Job Flows (Brief Nonemployment)

Average quarterly earnings prior to job flows with a short nonemployment spell

Dollars

Earnings

AQHireS

AQHireSEarn_Dest

faq_doma2_kfqearn

sAQHireSEarn_Dest

Average Earnings following Job-to-Job Flows (Brief Nonemployment)

Average quarterly earnings following job flows with a short nonemployment spell

Dollars

Earnings

AQHireS

4.3.6. PSEO Earnings (PSEOE)

( variables_pseoe.csv )

Indicator Variable Status Flag Description Units Concept

y1_p25_earnings

status_y1_earnings

Earnings 25th Percentile in Year 1 (2021 Dollars)

Dollars

Earnings

y1_p50_earnings

status_y1_earnings

Earnings 50th Percentile in Year 1 (2021 Dollars)

Dollars

Earnings

y1_p75_earnings

status_y1_earnings

Earnings 75th Percentile in Year 1 (2021 Dollars)

Dollars

Earnings

y1_grads_earn

status_y1_grads_earn

Count of Employed Graduates in Year 1

Count

Employment

y5_p25_earnings

status_y5_earnings

Earnings 25th Percentile in Year 5 (2021 Dollars)

Dollars

Earnings

y5_p50_earnings

status_y5_earnings

Earnings 50th Percentile in Year 5 (2021 Dollars)

Dollars

Earnings

y5_p75_earnings

status_y5_earnings

Earnings 75th Percentile in Year 5 (2021 Dollars)

Dollars

Earnings

y5_grads_earn

status_y5_grads_earn

Count of Employed Graduates in Year 5

Count

Employment

y10_p25_earnings

status_y10_earnings

Earnings 25th Percentile in Year 10 (2021 Dollars)

Dollars

Earnings

y10_p50_earnings

status_y10_earnings

Earnings 50th Percentile in Year 10 (2021 Dollars)

Dollars

Earnings

y10_p75_earnings

status_y10_earnings

Earnings 75th Percentile in Year 10 (2021 Dollars)

Dollars

Earnings

y10_grads_earn

status_y10_grads_earn

Count of Employed Graduates in Year 10

Count

Employment

y1_ipeds_count

status_y1_ipeds_count

Count of IPEDS Reported Graduates of Programs Included in Year 1 Earnings

Count

Graduates

y5_ipeds_count

status_y5_ipeds_count

Count of IPEDS Reported Graduates of Programs Included in Year 5 Earnings

Count

Graduates

y10_ipeds_count

status_y10_ipeds_count

Count of IPEDS Reported Graduates of Programs Included in Year 10 Earnings

Count

Graduates

4.3.7. PSEO Flows (PSEOF)

( variables_pseof.csv )

Indicator Variable Status Flag Description Units Concept

y1_grads_emp

status_y1_grads_emp

Count of Employed Graduates in Year 1

Count

Employment

y1_grads_emp_instate

status_y1_grads_emp_instate

Count of Graduates Employed in Same State as Educational Institution in Year 1

Count

Employment

y5_grads_emp

status_y5_grads_emp

Count of Employed Graduates in Year 5

Count

Employment

y5_grads_emp_instate

status_y5_grads_emp_instate

Count of Graduates Employed in Same State as Educational Institution in Year 5

Count

Employment

y10_grads_emp

status_y10_grads_emp

Count of Employed Graduates in Year 10

Count

Employment

y10_grads_emp_instate

status_y10_grads_emp_instate

Count of Graduates Employed in Same State as Educational Institution in Year 10

Count

Employment

y1_grads_nme

status_y1_grads_nme

Count of Graduates Jobless or Marginally Employed in Year 1

Count

Employment

y5_grads_nme

status_y5_grads_nme

Count of Graduates Jobless or Marginally Employed in Year 5

Count

Employment

y10_grads_nme

status_y10_grads_nme

Count of Graduates Jobless or Marginally Employed in Year 10

Count

Employment

4.4. Variability Measures

The following tables and associated mapping files list the variability measures available on each file. The ''Variability Measure'' is the short name of the variable on the CSV files, suitable for machine processing in a wide variety of statistical applications. When given, the ''Alternate Name'' may appear in related documentation and articles. The ''Variable Name'' is a more verbose description of the variability measure.

Six variability measures are published:

  • Total variability, prefixed by vt_

  • Standard error, prefixed by st_, and computed as the square root of Total Variability

  • Between-implicate variability, prefixed by vb_

  • Average within-implicate variability, prefixed by vw_

  • Degrees of freedom, prefixed by df_

  • Missingness ratio, prefixed by mr_

A missing variability measure indicates a structural zero in the corresponding indicator. This is currently not associated with a flag.

4.4.1. Generic Structure

Column name

[ Identifier1 ]

[ Identifier2 ]

[ Identifier3 ]

[ …​ ]

[ Standard error for Indicator 1 ]

[ Standard error for Indicator 2 ]

[ Standard error for Indicator 3 ]

[ …​ ]

[ Total variation for Indicator 1 ]

[ Total variation for Indicator 2 ]

[ Total variation for Indicator 3 ]

[ …​ ]

[ Between-implicate variability for Indicator 1 ]

[ Between-implicate variability for Indicator 2 ]

[ Between-implicate variability for Indicator 3 ]

[ …​ ]

[ Average within-implicate variability for Indicator 1 ]

[ Average within-implicate variability for Indicator 2 ]

[ Average within-implicate variability for Indicator 3 ]

[ …​ ]

[ Degrees of freedom for Indicator 1 ]

[ Degrees of freedom for Indicator 2 ]

[ Degrees of freedom for Indicator 3 ]

[ …​ ]

[ Missingness ratio for Indicator 1 ]

[ Missingness ratio for Indicator 2 ]

[ Missingness ratio for Indicator 3 ]

[ …​ ]

Note: A full list of indicators for each type of file are shown in the Indicators section. In the tables below, only a sample of variability measures are printed, but the complete list is available in the linked CSV schema files.

4.4.2. Variability Measures for QWI (QWIV) - National-level Only

( variables_qwiv.csv )

Variability measure Variable name Units

st_Emp

Standard error of Beginning-of-Quarter Employment

Count

st_EmpEnd

Standard error of End-of-Quarter Employment

Count

st_EmpS

Standard error of Full-Quarter Employment (Stable)

Count

…​

vt_Emp

Total variation of Beginning-of-Quarter Employment

Count

vt_EmpEnd

Total variation of End-of-Quarter Employment

Count

vt_EmpS

Total variation of Full-Quarter Employment (Stable)

Count

…​

vb_Emp

Between-implicate variability for Beginning-of-Quarter Employment

Count

vb_EmpEnd

Between-implicate variability for End-of-Quarter Employment

Count

vb_EmpS

Between-implicate variability for Full-Quarter Employment (Stable)

Count

…​

vm_Emp

Average within-implicate variability for Beginning-of-Quarter Employment

Count

vm_EmpEnd

Average within-implicate variability for End-of-Quarter Employment

Count

vm_EmpS

Average within-implicate variability for Full-Quarter Employment (Stable)

Count

…​

df_Emp

Degrees of freedom for VT of Beginning-of-Quarter Employment

Count

df_EmpEnd

Degrees of freedom for VT of End-of-Quarter Employment

Count

df_EmpS

Degrees of freedom for VT of Full-Quarter Employment (Stable)

Count

…​

mr_HirA

Missingness ratio for Hires (All Accessions)

Count

mr_HirN

Missingness ratio for New Hires

Count

mr_HirR

Missingness ratio for Recall Hires

Count

4.4.3. Variability Measures for QWI Rates (QWIRV) - National-level Only

( variables_qwirv.csv )

Variability measure Variable name Units

st_HirAR

Standard error of Hiring Rate (All Accessions)

Rate

st_HirNR

Standard error of New Hiring Rate

Rate

st_HirRR

Standard error of Recall Rate

Rate

…​

vt_HirAR

Total variation of Hiring Rate (All Accessions)

Rate

vt_HirNR

Total variation of New Hiring Rate

Rate

vt_HirRR

Total variation of Recall Rate

Rate

…​

vb_HirAR

Between-implicate variability for Hiring Rate (All Accessions)

Rate

vb_HirNR

Between-implicate variability for New Hiring Rate

Rate

vb_HirRR

Between-implicate variability for Recall Rate

Rate

…​

vm_HirAR

Average within-implicate variability for Hiring Rate (All Accessions)

Rate

vm_HirNR

Average within-implicate variability for New Hiring Rate

Rate

vm_HirRR

Average within-implicate variability for Recall Rate

Rate

…​

df_HirAR

Degrees of freedom for VT of Hiring Rate (All Accessions)

Rate

df_HirNR

Degrees of freedom for VT of New Hiring Rate

Rate

df_HirRR

Degrees of freedom for VT of Recall Rate

Rate

…​

mr_HirAR

Missingness ratio for Hiring Rate (All Accessions)

Rate

mr_HirNR

Missingness ratio for New Hiring Rate

Rate

mr_HirRR

Missingness ratio for Recall Rate

Rate

…​

5. Categorical Variables

Categorical variable descriptions are displayed above each table, with the variable name shown in parentheses.Unless otherwise stated, every possible value/label combination for each categorical variable is listed.Please note that not all values will be available in every table.

5.1. Agegrp

( label_agegrp.csv )

agegrp label

A00

All Ages (14-99)

A01

14-18

A02

19-21

A03

22-24

A04

25-34

A05

35-44

A06

45-54

A07

55-64

A08

65-99

5.2. Education

( label_education.csv )

education label

E0

All Education Categories

E1

Less than high school

E2

High school or equivalent, no college

E3

Some college or Associate degree

E4

Bachelor’s degree or advanced degree

E5

Educational attainment not available (workers aged 24 or younger)

5.3. Ethnicity

( label_ethnicity.csv )

ethnicity label

A0

All Ethnicities

A1

Not Hispanic or Latino

A2

Hispanic or Latino

5.4. Firmage

( label_firmage.csv )

firmage label

0

All Firm Ages

1

0-1 Years

2

2-3 Years

3

4-5 Years

4

6-10 Years

5

11+ Years

N

Firm Age Not Available For Public-Sector Firms

5.5. Firmsize

( label_firmsize.csv )

firmsize label

0

All Firm Sizes

1

0-19 Employees

2

20-49 Employees

3

50-249 Employees

4

250-499 Employees

5

500+ Employees

N

Firm Size Not Available For Public-Sector Firms

5.6. Ownercode

( label_ownercode.csv )

ownercode label

A00

State and local government plus private ownership

A01

Federal government

A05

All Private

5.7. Periodicity

( label_periodicity.csv )

periodicity label

A

Annual data

Q

Quarterly data

5.8. Quarter

( label_quarter.csv )

quarter label

1

1st Quarter of the Year (January-March)

2

2nd Quarter of the Year (April-June)

3

3rd Quarter of the Year (July-September)

4

4th Quarter of the Year (October-December)

5.9. Race

( label_race.csv )

race label

A0

All Races

A1

White Alone

A2

Black or African American Alone

A3

American Indian or Alaska Native Alone

A4

Asian Alone

A5

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander Alone

A6

Some Other Race Alone (Not Used)

A7

Two or More Race Groups

5.10. Seasonadj

( label_seasonadj.csv )

seasonadj label

S

Seasonally adjusted

U

Not seasonally adjusted

5.11. Sex

( label_sex.csv )

sex label

0

All Sexes

1

Male

2

Female

5.12. Industry

5.12.1. Industry levels

( label_ind_level.csv )

ind_level label

A

All Industries

S

NAICS Sectors

3

NAICS Subsectors

4

NAICS Industry Groups

5.12.2. Industry

( label_industry.csv )

Only a small subset of available values shown. The 2022 NAICS (North American Industry Classification System) is used for all years. For a full listing of all valid 2022 NAICS codes, see https://www.census.gov/naics/.

industry label ind_level

00

All NAICS Sectors

A

000

All NAICS Subsectors

A

0000

All NAICS Industry Groups

A

11

Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting

S

111

Crop Production

3

1111

Oilseed and Grain Farming

4

1112

Vegetable and Melon Farming

4

…​

2383

Building Finishing Contractors

4

2389

Other Specialty Trade Contractors

4

31-33

Manufacturing

S

311

Food Manufacturing

3

3111

Animal Food Manufacturing

4

3112

Grain and Oilseed Milling

4

3113

Sugar and Confectionery Product Manufacturing

4

…​

5.13. Educational Institution

5.13.1. Institution Levels

( label_inst_level.csv )

Educational institutions are tabulated individually in the current data release. Future releases may aggregate to institutions to higher levels, such as state or Census Division.

inst_level label

I

Institution

S

State of institution

D

Census division of institution

N

All institutions

5.13.2. Institution

( label_institution.csv )

Institution identifiers are sourced from the U.S. Department of Education, Federal Student Aid office. This list has been supplemented with records for regional groupings of institutions (may be used in future PSEO tabulations).

institution label city institution_state inst_level statefips

1

Institutions in New England Division

D

2

Institutions in Middle Atlantic Division

D

3

Institutions in East North Central Division

D

…​

00137000

University of Colorado Boulder

Boulder

CO

I

08

00309000

Ohio State University

Columbus

OH

I

39

00332900

Pennsylvania State University (The)

University Park

PA

I

42

00389500

University of Wisconsin - Madison

Madison

WI

I

55

00955800

University of Texas

Austin

TX

I

48

02458500

University of Michigan

Ann Arbor

MI

I

26

…​

5.14. Degree Level

( label_degree_level.csv )

The degree levels are sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS).

degree_level label

00

All Degree Levels

01

Certificate < 1 year

02

Certificate 1-2 years

03

Associates

04

Certificate 2-4 years

05

Baccalaureate

06

Post-Bacc Certificate

07

Masters

08

Post-Masters Certificate

17

Doctoral - Research/Scholarship

18

Doctoral - Professional Practice

5.15. Classification of Instruction Programs (CIP)

5.15.1. CIP Levels

( label_cip_level.csv )

cip_level label

A

All Degree Fields

2

2-Digit CIP Family

4

4-Digit CIP Codes

6

6-Digit CIP Codes

5.15.2. CIP Codes

( label_cipcode.csv )

CIP codes are sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS). Data are reported using 2020 CIP codes, for all years.

cipcode label cip_level CIPFamily CIPDefinition

00

All Instructional Programs

A

00

All CIP Codes

01

Agricultural/Animal/Plant/Veterinary Science and Related Fields

2

01

Instructional programs that focus on agriculture, animal, plant, veterinary, and related sciences and that prepares individuals to apply specific knowledge, methods, and techniques to the management and performance of agricultural and veterinary operations.

01.00

Agriculture, General

4

01

Instructional content is defined in code 01.0000.

01.0000

Agriculture, General

6

01

A program that focuses on the general principles and practice of agricultural research and production and that may prepare individuals to apply this knowledge to the solution of practical agricultural problems. Includes instruction in basic animal, plant, and soil science; animal husbandry and plant cultivation; soil conservation; and agricultural operations such as farming, ranching, and agricultural business.

01.XX

Agricultural/Animal/Plant/Veterinary Science and Related Fields (Consolidated 0100-0199)

4

01

Instructional programs that focus on agriculture, animal, plant, veterinary, and related sciences and that prepares individuals to apply specific knowledge, methods, and techniques to the management and performance of agricultural and veterinary operations.

03

Natural Resources and Conservation

2

03

Instructional programs that focus on the various natural resources and conservation fields and prepare individuals for related occupations.

5.16. Grad Cohort

grad_cohort is a 4-digit number representing the first year of the graduation cohort. The number of years in the cohort is reported in the separate Grad Cohort Years variable.

If grad_cohort=2010 and grad_cohort_years=3, then the cell includes graduates from 2010, 2011, and 2012.

When tabulating across all cohorts, the value 0000 will be used for grad_cohort.

5.17. Grad Cohort Years

grad_cohort_years is the number of years in the cohort of reference (see Grad Cohort).It varies by Degree Level .Bachelor’s degrees (05) are reported in 3 year cohorts, all other degrees are reported in 5 year cohorts.The grad_cohort_years will take a value (3,5).As tabulations are not done across degree types, the appropriate value will be reported in grad_cohort_years when grad_cohort=0000.

5.18. Geography

5.18.1. Geographic Levels

( label_geo_level.csv )

Geography labels for data files are provided in separate files, by scope.Each file 'label_geography_SCOPE.csv' may contain one or more types of records as flagged by geo_level. For convenience, a composite file containing all geocodes is available as label_geography.csv. The 2023 vintage of Census TIGER/Line geography is used for all tabulations as of the R2024Q1 release.

Shapefiles are described in a separate document.

geo_level label description source

N

National (50 States + DC)

Custom code using '00' to denote national scope

D

Divisions

Identifies 1-digit multi-state Census Divisions

U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division (link)

S

States

Identifies 2-digit FIPS/ANSI codes

U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division; American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Codes for States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the Insular Areas of the United State (link)

C

Counties

Identifies 5-digit FIPS/ANSI code for counties

U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division; FIPS Codes for Counties and County Equivalent Entities (link)

M

Metropolitan/Micropolitan (state part)

Identifies 7-digit code constructed from the 2-digit state FIPS code and the 5-digit CBSA code provided by the Census Bureau’s Geography Division

U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division; Office of Management and Budget, July 2023 delineations (link)

B

Metropolitan (complete)

Identifies 5-digit CBSA code for metropolitan areas provided by the Census Bureau’s Geography Division. Balance of state including micropolitan areas are identified by custom codes as [ST]999

U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division; Office of Management and Budget, July 2023 delineations (link)

W

Workforce Investment Areas

2-digit state FIPS code and the 6-digit WIA identifier provided by LED State Partners

5.18.2. National and State-Level Values

( label_fipsnum.csv )

The file label_fipsnum.csv contains values and labels for all entities of geo_level 'N' or 'S', and is a summary of separately available files.

geography label geo_level

00

National (50 States + DC)

N

01

Alabama

S

02

Alaska

S

04

Arizona

S

05

Arkansas

S

…​

( label_geography_division.csv )

The file label_geography_division.csv contains values and labels for all entities of geo_level 'D'. For more information on which states comprise each division, see the map here.

geography label geo_level

1

New England Division

D

2

Middle Atlantic Division

D

3

East North Central Division

D

4

West North Central Division

D

5

South Atlantic Division

D

6

East South Central Division

D

7

West South Central Division

D

8

Mountain Division

D

9

Pacific Division

D

Z

Unclassified

D

5.18.3. State Postal Codes

Some parts of the schema use (lower or upper-case) state postal codes.

( label_stusps.csv )

geography stusps label

00

US

National (50 States + DC)

01

AL

Alabama

02

AK

Alaska

04

AZ

Arizona

05

AR

Arkansas

06

CA

California

08

CO

Colorado

09

CT

Connecticut

10

DE

Delaware

11

DC

District of Columbia

12

FL

Florida

13

GA

Georgia

15

HI

Hawaii

16

ID

Idaho

17

IL

Illinois

18

IN

Indiana

19

IA

Iowa

20

KS

Kansas

21

KY

Kentucky

22

LA

Louisiana

23

ME

Maine

24

MD

Maryland

25

MA

Massachusetts

26

MI

Michigan

27

MN

Minnesota

28

MS

Mississippi

29

MO

Missouri

30

MT

Montana

31

NE

Nebraska

32

NV

Nevada

33

NH

New Hampshire

34

NJ

New Jersey

35

NM

New Mexico

36

NY

New York

37

NC

North Carolina

38

ND

North Dakota

39

OH

Ohio

40

OK

Oklahoma

41

OR

Oregon

42

PA

Pennsylvania

44

RI

Rhode Island

45

SC

South Carolina

46

SD

South Dakota

47

TN

Tennessee

48

TX

Texas

49

UT

Utah

50

VT

Vermont

51

VA

Virginia

53

WA

Washington

54

WV

West Virginia

55

WI

Wisconsin

56

WY

Wyoming

72

PR

Puerto Rico

78

VI

United States Virgin Islands

5.18.4. Detailed State and Substate Level Values

Files of type 'label_geography_[ST].csv' will contain identifiers and labels for geographic areas entirely comprised within a given state '[ST]'. State-specific parts of cross-state CBSA, in records of type geo_level = M, are present on files of type 'label_geography_[ST].csv'. The file label_geography_metro.csv contains labels for records of type geo_level = B, for metropolitan areas only.

Scope Types Format file

US

N

label_geography_us.csv

DIVISION

D

label_geography_division.csv

METRO

B

label_geography_metro.csv

AK

S C W M

label_geography_ak.csv

AL

S C W M

label_geography_al.csv

AR

S C W M

label_geography_ar.csv

AZ

S C W M

label_geography_az.csv

CA

S C W M

label_geography_ca.csv

CO

S C W M

label_geography_co.csv

CT

S C W M

label_geography_ct.csv

DC

S C W M

label_geography_dc.csv

DE

S C W M

label_geography_de.csv

FL

S C W M

label_geography_fl.csv

GA

S C W M

label_geography_ga.csv

HI

S C W M

label_geography_hi.csv

IA

S C W M

label_geography_ia.csv

ID

S C W M

label_geography_id.csv

IL

S C W M

label_geography_il.csv

IN

S C W M

label_geography_in.csv

KS

S C W M

label_geography_ks.csv

KY

S C W M

label_geography_ky.csv

LA

S C W M

label_geography_la.csv

MA

S C W M

label_geography_ma.csv

MD

S C W M

label_geography_md.csv

ME

S C W M

label_geography_me.csv

MI

S C W M

label_geography_mi.csv

MN

S C W M

label_geography_mn.csv

MO

S C W M

label_geography_mo.csv

MS

S C W M

label_geography_ms.csv

MT

S C W M

label_geography_mt.csv

NC

S C W M

label_geography_nc.csv

ND

S C W M

label_geography_nd.csv

NE

S C W M

label_geography_ne.csv

NH

S C W M

label_geography_nh.csv

NJ

S C W M

label_geography_nj.csv

NM

S C W M

label_geography_nm.csv

NV

S C W M

label_geography_nv.csv

NY

S C W M

label_geography_ny.csv

OH

S C W M

label_geography_oh.csv

OK

S C W M

label_geography_ok.csv

OR

S C W M

label_geography_or.csv

PA

S C W M

label_geography_pa.csv

PR

S C W M

label_geography_pr.csv

RI

S C W M

label_geography_ri.csv

SC

S C W M

label_geography_sc.csv

SD

S C W M

label_geography_sd.csv

TN

S C W M

label_geography_tn.csv

TX

S C W M

label_geography_tx.csv

UT

S C W M

label_geography_ut.csv

VA

S C W M

label_geography_va.csv

VT

S C W M

label_geography_vt.csv

WA

S C W M

label_geography_wa.csv

WI

S C W M

label_geography_wi.csv

WV

S C W M

label_geography_wv.csv

WY

S C W M

label_geography_wy.csv

5.19. Aggregation Level

5.19.1. J2J

( label_agg_level.csv )

Measures within the J2J and QWI data products are tabulated on many dimensions, including demographic characteristics, geography, industry, and other firm characteristics. For Origin-Destination (O-D) tables, characteristics of the origin and destination firm can be tabulated separately. Every tabulation level is assigned a unique aggregation index, represented by the agg_level variable. This index starts from 1, representing a national level grand total (all industries, workers, etc.), and progresses through different combinations of characteristics. There are gaps in the progression to leave space for aggregation levels that may be included in future data releases.

The following variables are included in the label_agg_level.csv file:

Variable Description

agg_level

index representing level of aggregation reported on a given record

worker_char

demographic (worker) characteristics reported on record

firm_char

firm characteristics reported on record. These will be the characteristics of the destination firm in O-D tabulations

firm_orig_char

characteristics of origin firm reported on record (O-D tabulations only)

j2j

Flag: Aggregation level available on J2J counts tables

j2jr

Flag: Aggregation level available on J2J rates tables

j2jod

Flag: Aggregation level available on J2J O-D tables

qwi

Flag: Aggregation level available on QWI

The characteristics available on an aggregation level are repeated using a series of flags following the standard schema:

  • cip_level - degree field reporting level of table

  • inst_level - institution reporting level of table

  • geo_level - geographic level of table

  • ind_level - industry level of table

  • by_ variables - flags indicating other dimensions reported, including ownership, demographics, firm age and size.

A shortened representation of the file is provided below, the complete file is available in the link above.

agg_level worker_char firm_char firm_orig_char j2j j2jr j2jod qwi geo_level

1

1

1

1

0

N

2

Sex

1

1

1

0

N

3

Age

1

1

1

0

N

4

Sex * Age

1

1

1

0

N

5

Race

1

1

1

0

N

9

Ethnicity

1

1

1

0

N

13

Race * Ethnicity

1

1

1

0

N

…​

129

Firm Size

1

1

1

0

N

257

NAICS Sector

1

1

1

0

N

258

Sex

NAICS Sector

1

1

1

0

N

…​

1029

Race

State

1

1

1

0

S

1033

Ethnicity

State

1

1

1

0

S

1037

Race * Ethnicity

State

1

1

1

0

S

…​

49153

Origin [NAICS Sector]

0

0

1

0

N

49154

Sex

Origin [NAICS Sector]

0

0

1

0

N

49155

Age

Origin [NAICS Sector]

0

0

1

0

N

…​

5.19.2. PSEO

( label_agg_level_pseo.csv )

Measures within the PSEO data product can be tabulated by characteristics of the graduate (e.g., institution attended, instructional program, degree level, etc.) and by characteristics of employment (state, industry). All measures may not be available on all levels of aggregation - for example, earnings variables may not be available when tabulating by place and industry of work, though counts are. Every tabulation level is assigned a unique aggregation index, represented by the agg_level_pseo variable. This index starts from 1, representing a national level grand total (all institutions, graduates, industries, etc.), and progresses through different combinations of characteristics. There are gaps in the progression to leave space for aggregation levels that may be included in future data releases. Aggregation levels that are available in the PSEO release will be flagged.

The following variables are included in the label_agg_level_pseo.csv file:

Variable Description

agg_level_pseo

index representing level of aggregation reported on a given record

grad_char

Characteristics of graduate and program

firm_char

Characteristics of place of employment

pseoe

Flag: aggregation level available on PSEO Earnings

pseof

Flag: aggregation level available on PSEO Flows

The characteristics available on an aggregation level are repeated using a series of flags following the standard schema:

  • inst_levels - institution level of table

  • geo_level - geographic level of table

  • ind_level - industry level of table

  • by_ variables - flags indicating other dimensions reported, including ownership, demographics, firm age and size.

agg_level_pseo grad_char firm_char cip_level inst_level geo_level ind_level by_grad_cohort by_degree_level pseoe pseof

26

Degree Level * State of Institution

A

S

N

A

0

1

1

1

28

Degree Level * CIP 2-digit * State of Institution

2

S

N

A

0

1

1

1

…​

96

Degree Level * CIP 4-digit * Start Year for Graduation Cohort * Institution ID

NAICS Sector

4

I

N

S

1

1

0

0
5.19.2.1. Restricted 4-Digit CIP Tabulations in Earnings Data (PSEOE)

Earnings estimates and counts are provided only at the 2-digit CIP level for Masters and Doctor Research programs (degree levels 07 and 17). Records are included for 4-digit programs observed, but all measures are suppressed.

5.19.3. QWI

Aggregation level to be added to QWI in a future release

6. Status Flags

( label_flags.csv )

Most indicators in the LEHD data products have associated status flags. Each status flag in the tables above contains one of the following valid values. The values and their interpretation are listed in the tables below. Unless otherwise specified in this section, a status flag will take the values described in 7.1 Standard Status Flags.

6.1. Standard Status Flags

Important

Note: Currently, the J2J and PSEO tables only contain status flags '-1', '1', '5'. Status flags with values 10 or above only appear in online applications, not in CSV files.
flag label

-2

no data available in this category for this quarter

-1

data not available to compute this estimate

1

OK

5

Value suppressed because it does not meet US Census Bureau publication standards.

6

Value calculated from other released measures - no significant distortion

7

Value calculated from other released measures - some of which have significantly distorted data

9

Data significantly distorted - fuzzed value released

10

Aggregate of cells - no significant distortion

11

Aggregate of cells not released because component cells do not meet U.S. Census Bureau publication standards

12

Aggregate of cells - some of which have significantly distorted data

6.2. IPEDS Count Status Flag

( label_flags_ipeds_count.csv )

Graduate counts associated with PSEO earnings tabulations are provided using public use data from the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS). Counts are linked to graduation cohorts in the PSEO data and included in the PSEOE tables. In a small number of cases, misalignment in programs (CIPCODE) is observed between the IPEDS and PSEO counts. In these cases, the IPEDS counts are adjusted to be consistent with those on PSEO, and the count is flagged accordingly. For higher level aggregations (e.g., all cohorts, all CIPCODE), IPEDS totals may sum over cohorts or programs for which graduate counts were not available. The counts are released but flagged to indicate missing data. IPEDS counts may be suppressed and flagged as not available in some cases when PSEO earnings data do not meet Census Bureau publication standards.

flag label

1

IPEDS counts as reported

2

IPEDS counts edited for consistency with PSEO categories

3

IPEDS counts not available

4

IPEDS counts partially missing

7. Metadata

( variables_version.csv )

7.1. Version Metadata for QWI, J2J, and PSEO Files (version.txt)

Each data release is accompanied by one or more files with metadata on geographic and temporal coverage, in a compact notation. These files follow the following naming convention:

version_[type].txt

where each component is described in more detail in lehd_csv_naming.html.

The contents contain the following elements:

Component Source Description

product

[type]

Type as described in naming convention

fas

[fas]

(optional - concatenated with product) used for QWI to distinguish separate tabulations from the legal [fas] values as described in naming convention

geo

stusps or METRO

Covered geography (uppercase state postal code including entire nation or the word METRO)

geonum

geography

Numeric geography code

start

yyyy:q (QWI, J2J) yyyy (PSEO)

Start year and quarter

end

yyyy:q (QWI, J2J) yyyy (PSEO)

End year and quarter

schema

Vx.y.z

Version of the schema

release

RyyyyQq

Release quarter (identifies when the data was created)

internal

various

Internal identifier used for provenance tracking

For instance, metadata for a QWI release of Delaware (example here) has the following content:

QWI_F DE 10 1998:3-2022:4 V4.10.0 R2023Q3 qwipu_de_20230717_0730
QWI_FA DE 10 1998:3-2022:3 V4.10.0 R2023Q3 qwipu_de_20230717_0730
QWI_FS DE 10 1998:3-2022:3 V4.10.0 R2023Q3 qwipu_de_20230717_0730

Similarly, metadata for a J2J release of Delaware (example here) has the following content:

J2J DE 10 2000:2-2022:3 V4.10.0 R2023Q3 j2jpu_de_20230911_1751

Metadata for a J2J release of metropolitan areas contain multiple entries (example here)

J2J METRO 01999 2001:2-2022:3 V4.10.0 R2023Q3 j2jpu_us_20230913_0711
J2J METRO 02999 2001:2-2016:1 V4.10.0 R2023Q3 j2jpu_us_20230913_0711
J2J METRO 04999 2004:2-2022:3 V4.10.0 R2023Q3 j2jpu_us_20230913_0711
...

The PSEO metadata will contain separate lines for the PSEOE and PSEOF tables. The year range for PSEO tables is based on the Grad Cohort, the start year of the graduation cohort. An example for R2019Q1 PSEO release for Colorado institutions (example here) has the following content:

PSEOE CO 08 2001-2015 V4.5.0 2019Q1 pseopu_co_20190617_0839
PSEOF CO 08 2001-2015 V4.5.0 2019Q1 pseopu_co_20190617_0839

7.2. Additional Metadata for J2JOD Files (avail.csv)

(variables_avail.csv)

Because the origin-destination (J2JOD) data link two regions, we provide an auxiliary file with the time range that cells containing data for each geographic pairing may appear in a data release.

variable type label

geo_level

Char(1)

Geographic level of destination region

geography

Char(8)

Geography code of destination region

geo_level_orig

Char(1)

Geographic level of origin region

geography_orig

Char(8)

Geography code of origin region

start_year

Num

First year regional pair may be observed

start_quarter

Num

First quarter regional pair may be observed

end_year

Num

Last year regional pair may be observed

end_quarter

Num

Last quarter regional pair may be observed

The reference region will always be either the origin or the destination. National tabulations contain records where both origin and destination are geo_level=N; state tabulations contain records where geo_level in (N,S); metro tabulations contain records where geo_level in (N,S,B). Data may be suppressed for certain combinations of regions and quarters because the estimates do not meet Census Bureau publication standards.

A consolidated J2JOD availability table across national, state, and metro aggregations can be found in the j2jod_all_avail file.

7.3. Metadata on Indicator Availability

(variables_lags.csv)

Each Indicator potentially requires leads and/or lags of data to be computed, and thus may not be available for certain time periods. Only two QWI will be available for all quarters of the time span described by start and end in the version.txt files: EmpTotal and Payroll. The date range for QWI, QWIR, J2J, and J2JR can be found in version.txt; the date range for J2JOD can be found in avail.csv.

For each indicator, the following files contain the quarters of data required to be available relative to the overall date range described in the metadata for the release:

The files are structured as follows:

variable type label

Indicator Variable

Num

Name of the Indicator

Quarters_Required_Prior

Num

Number of quarters of data required to compute indicator relative to start quarter

Quarters_Required_Subsequent

Num

Number of quarters of data required to compute indicator relative to end quarter

7.4. Additional Metadata for PSEO Files

Several additional files within each state release are included to provide information on the institutions within the scope of PSEO. The ALL directory consolidates the individual state files.

  • Online Institutions

Online institutions without a natural home state are assigned 00 for the inst_state variable and are placed in the us directory in the public use distribution. National-level aggregations are not included in the PSEO data product at this time.

7.4.1. PSEO Data Partners and Coverage (pseo_[ST]_partners.txt)

This file contains information on PSEO coverage of graduates, as well as the partner organization(s) providing data. This is presented on several lines of a text file, as follows:

  • State numeric FIPS code and state name

  • Share of statewide graduates covered by PSEO

  • Name(s) of data provider(s) (multiple lines, as required)

The share is derived from Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) data, using program graduates from 2015 for degree levels within the scope of PSEO. It calculates the number of graduates from institutions that are available to PSEO as a fraction of graduates from all institutions within IPEDS for the reference state.

A sample file follows:

08 Colorado
72% of statewide graduates covered (2015 estimate)
Colorado Department of Higher Education

7.4.2. Institutions Available Within PSEO (pseo_[ST]_institutions.csv)

(variables_pseo_institutions.csv)

This file provides the list of institutions that are included in the PSEO release. This file is an extract from label_institution.csv.

The files are structured as follows:

variable type label

institution

Char(8)

Identifier for Institution (OPEID)

label

Char(70)

Name of Institution

institution_state

Char(2)

Institution State (Postal Code)

statefips

Char(2)

Institution State (Numeric FIPS Code)