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Papers Containing Tag(s): 'Bureau of Labor Statistics'

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Longitudinal Business Database - 133

Center for Economic Studies - 130

North American Industry Classification System - 124

Current Population Survey - 112

Bureau of Economic Analysis - 99

Longitudinal Employer Household Dynamics - 95

National Science Foundation - 95

Standard Industrial Classification - 93

Internal Revenue Service - 92

Employer Identification Numbers - 79

Annual Survey of Manufactures - 78

National Bureau of Economic Research - 70

Ordinary Least Squares - 69

Economic Census - 63

Total Factor Productivity - 62

American Community Survey - 62

Census Bureau Disclosure Review Board - 60

Census of Manufactures - 54

Social Security Administration - 53

Metropolitan Statistical Area - 52

Federal Reserve Bank - 51

Business Register - 50

Federal Statistical Research Data Center - 47

Alfred P Sloan Foundation - 45

Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages - 45

Chicago Census Research Data Center - 43

Longitudinal Research Database - 43

County Business Patterns - 41

Business Dynamics Statistics - 39

Survey of Income and Program Participation - 38

Social Security - 37

Census Bureau Business Register - 37

Disclosure Review Board - 36

Standard Statistical Establishment List - 34

Quarterly Workforce Indicators - 33

Decennial Census - 32

University of Chicago - 31

Research Data Center - 31

Department of Labor - 30

Cornell University - 30

Special Sworn Status - 29

Unemployment Insurance - 29

University of Maryland - 29

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Service Annual Survey - 27

Census Bureau Longitudinal Business Database - 26

Cobb-Douglas - 25

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Office of Management and Budget - 22

International Trade Research Report - 19

American Economic Review - 19

Local Employment Dynamics - 19

Business Employment Dynamics - 19

Department of Homeland Security - 18

2010 Census - 18

Census of Manufacturing Firms - 18

Characteristics of Business Owners - 17

Financial, Insurance and Real Estate Industries - 17

Longitudinal Firm Trade Transactions Database - 17

LEHD Program - 17

Kauffman Foundation - 17

Generalized Method of Moments - 16

Employer Characteristics File - 16

Small Business Administration - 16

Retail Trade - 16

Permanent Plant Number - 16

Department of Economics - 15

National Institute on Aging - 15

Department of Commerce - 15

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development - 15

Postal Service - 14

National Income and Product Accounts - 14

Quarterly Journal of Economics - 14

Cornell Institute for Social and Economic Research - 14

Occupational Employment Statistics - 14

Core Based Statistical Area - 14

Michigan Institute for Teaching and Research in Economics - 13

Employment History File - 13

American Economic Association - 13

Harmonized System - 13

Journal of Economic Literature - 13

University of Michigan - 13

Herfindahl Hirschman Index - 12

Individual Characteristics File - 12

Survey of Business Owners - 12

Master Address File - 12

Bureau of Labor - 12

Patent and Trademark Office - 12

New York Times - 12

Standard Occupational Classification - 11

National Longitudinal Survey of Youth - 11

NBER Summer Institute - 11

New York University - 11

Current Employment Statistics - 11

TFPQ - 11

Company Organization Survey - 11

Labor Productivity - 11

Business Master File - 11

World Trade Organization - 10

Labor Turnover Survey - 10

IQR - 10

VAR - 10

National Center for Health Statistics - 10

Office of Personnel Management - 10

Journal of Labor Economics - 10

Review of Economics and Statistics - 10

PSID - 10

Census Bureau Center for Economic Studies - 10

Establishment Micro Properties - 10

Department of Agriculture - 9

Successor Predecessor File - 9

AKM - 9

Journal of Political Economy - 9

Council of Economic Advisers - 9

W-2 - 9

Wholesale Trade - 9

Sloan Foundation - 9

Detailed Earnings Records - 9

Board of Governors - 9

Customs and Border Protection - 9

Information and Communication Technology Survey - 9

BLS Handbook of Methods - 9

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality - 9

Boston College - 8

Technical Services - 8

Survey of Industrial Research and Development - 8

Urban Institute - 8

Person Validation System - 8

Securities and Exchange Commission - 8

Business Register Bridge - 8

UC Berkeley - 8

JOLTS - 8

Limited Liability Company - 8

Michigan Institute for Data Science - 8

Composite Person Record - 8

Federal Tax Information - 8

Energy Information Administration - 8

Environmental Protection Agency - 8

Retirement History Survey - 8

University of California Los Angeles - 8

North American Industry Classi - 8

Journal of Economic Perspectives - 8

Census Bureau Business Dynamics Statistics - 8

Statistics Canada - 8

Economic Research Service - 8

Medical Expenditure Panel Survey - 8

Harvard University - 8

Administrative Records - 8

American Statistical Association - 8

Accommodation and Food Services - 7

Annual Business Survey - 7

Business R&D and Innovation Survey - 7

North American Free Trade Agreement - 7

National Establishment Time Series - 7

Ohio State University - 7

Herfindahl-Hirschman - 7

COVID-19 - 7

General Accounting Office - 7

Census of Retail Trade - 7

National Academy of Sciences - 7

Yale University - 7

Employer-Household Dynamics - 7

United Nations - 7

Business Services - 7

COMPUSTAT - 7

Center for Administrative Records Research - 7

Columbia University - 7

MIT Press - 7

American Housing Survey - 7

Census Industry Code - 7

United States Census Bureau - 6

Federal Trade Commission - 6

Department of Justice - 6

Management and Organizational Practices Survey - 6

Business Research and Development and Innovation Survey - 6

National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics - 6

Integrated Public Use Microdata Series - 6

Census Numident - 6

Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation - 6

Annual Survey of Entrepreneurs - 6

Review of Economic Studies - 6

Center for Research in Security Prices - 6

Integrated Longitudinal Business Database - 6

Department of Housing and Urban Development - 6

Census of Services - 6

Business Formation Statistics - 6

Social and Economic Supplement - 6

Census 2000 - 6

Kauffman Firm Survey - 6

Health and Retirement Study - 5

Educational Services - 5

Agriculture, Forestry - 5

University of Toronto - 5

Stanford University - 5

International Trade Commission - 5

Russell Sage Foundation - 5

2SLS - 5

Disability Insurance - 5

Earned Income Tax Credit - 5

Personally Identifiable Information - 5

Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago - 5

TFPR - 5

CDF - 5

National Employer Survey - 5

Indian Health Service - 5

Public Administration - 5

Initial Public Offering - 5

George Mason University - 5

Department of Education - 5

National Institutes of Health - 5

Stern School of Business - 5

Georgetown University - 5

World Bank - 5

Fabricated Metal Products - 5

Arts, Entertainment - 4

IZA - 4

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program - 4

Heckscher-Ohlin - 4

Data Management System - 4

Person Identification Validation System - 4

Paycheck Protection Program - 4

Princeton University - 4

European Commission - 4

Housing and Urban Development - 4

ASEC - 4

Department of Energy - 4

Professional Services - 4

Foreign Direct Investment - 4

1940 Census - 4

Journal of Human Resources - 4

Nonemployer Statistics - 4

National Health Interview Survey - 4

Linear Probability Models - 4

Temporary Assistance for Needy Families - 4

Department of Defense - 4

Public Use Micro Sample - 4

State Energy Data System - 4

Wal-Mart - 4

Federal Insurance Contribution Act - 4

Commodity Flow Survey - 4

Journal of International Economics - 4

International Standard Industrial Classification - 4

Securities Data Company - 4

Penn State University - 4

Pollution Abatement Costs and Expenditures - 4

National Research Council - 4

Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Areas - 4

New England County Metropolitan - 3

Computer Assisted Personal Interview - 3

SSA Numident - 3

Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplement - 3

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - 3

Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey - 3

European Union - 3

Pew Research Center - 3

PIKed - 3

CAAA - 3

Health Care and Social Assistance - 3

HHS - 3

Value Added - 3

Princeton University Press - 3

Probability Density Function - 3

IBM - 3

Census Bureau Master Address File - 3

Summary Earnings Records - 3

Duke University - 3

Society of Labor Economists - 3

Social Security Disability Insurance - 3

Journal of Econometrics - 3

Insurance Information Institute - 3

Sample Edited Detail File - 3

Supreme Court - 3

Boston Research Data Center - 3

Electronic Data Interchange - 3

Chicago RDC - 3

E32 - 3

WECD - 3

Cambridge University Press - 3

employed - 95

employ - 94

labor - 94

workforce - 87

recession - 79

payroll - 68

employee - 67

manufacturing - 62

econometric - 60

growth - 59

economist - 58

earnings - 58

production - 58

industrial - 55

sector - 54

macroeconomic - 52

market - 49

survey - 48

quarterly - 48

sale - 47

enterprise - 43

expenditure - 42

revenue - 40

demand - 39

entrepreneurship - 37

worker - 36

estimating - 36

gdp - 34

endogeneity - 34

agency - 33

labor statistics - 33

report - 31

economically - 31

employment growth - 30

statistical - 29

job - 29

entrepreneur - 29

investment - 28

aggregate - 28

occupation - 26

unemployed - 26

salary - 26

census employment - 26

respondent - 25

productivity growth - 25

hiring - 25

efficiency - 25

longitudinal - 24

estimation - 24

produce - 24

trend - 24

layoff - 23

census bureau - 23

company - 23

entrepreneurial - 23

establishment - 23

earner - 22

employment data - 22

industry productivity - 22

employment statistics - 22

data - 22

microdata - 21

productive - 20

employment dynamics - 20

economic census - 20

acquisition - 19

innovation - 19

hire - 19

organizational - 19

proprietor - 19

workplace - 19

profit - 18

financial - 18

export - 18

earn - 18

estimates employment - 18

data census - 18

census data - 18

corporation - 17

finance - 17

incentive - 16

research census - 16

growth productivity - 16

metropolitan - 16

unemployment rates - 16

regression - 16

proprietorship - 16

spillover - 15

employment estimates - 15

regress - 15

labor productivity - 15

manufacturer - 15

profitability - 14

technological - 14

insurance - 14

housing - 14

residential - 14

state - 14

work census - 14

accounting - 14

tenure - 14

population - 13

monopolistic - 13

depreciation - 13

shift - 13

employment unemployment - 13

leverage - 13

econometrician - 13

employment count - 13

employee data - 13

firms productivity - 12

heterogeneity - 12

relocation - 12

specialization - 12

import - 12

productivity dynamics - 12

productivity dispersion - 12

multinational - 12

inventory - 12

startup - 12

venture - 12

clerical - 12

employing - 12

turnover - 12

recessionary - 12

aggregation - 12

resident - 11

welfare - 11

poverty - 11

socioeconomic - 11

price - 11

retailer - 11

retail - 11

wholesale - 11

irs - 11

filing - 11

employer household - 11

enrollment - 11

regional - 11

decline - 11

statistician - 11

declining - 11

merger - 11

residence - 10

hispanic - 10

tariff - 10

disclosure - 10

financing - 10

discrimination - 10

corporate - 10

federal - 10

cost - 10

average - 10

information census - 10

outsourcing - 10

regressing - 10

bias - 10

coverage - 10

datasets - 10

regulation - 10

neighborhood - 9

disparity - 9

investor - 9

equity - 9

factor productivity - 9

labor markets - 9

younger firms - 9

immigrant - 9

longitudinal employer - 9

employment trends - 9

commodity - 9

competitor - 9

productivity measures - 9

consumption - 9

aggregate productivity - 9

reallocation productivity - 9

analysis - 9

indicator - 9

workforce indicators - 9

exporter - 9

business data - 9

founder - 9

endogenous - 9

decade - 9

aging - 9

researcher - 9

region - 9

rural - 8

disadvantaged - 8

2010 census - 8

patent - 8

prospect - 8

relocate - 8

compensation - 8

innovate - 8

relocating - 8

migration - 8

woman - 8

geographically - 8

shock - 8

bankruptcy - 8

debt - 8

product - 8

sourcing - 8

commerce - 8

productivity increases - 8

minority - 8

incorporated - 8

trends employment - 8

buyer - 8

yearly - 8

measures employment - 8

mobility - 8

trends labor - 8

censuses surveys - 8

wages productivity - 8

ownership - 8

retirement - 8

state employment - 8

area - 8

census survey - 7

prevalence - 7

technology - 7

productivity estimates - 7

stock - 7

wage growth - 7

firms employment - 7

firms young - 7

loan - 7

warehousing - 7

wealth - 7

home - 7

firms census - 7

estimator - 7

use census - 7

consumer - 7

tax - 7

employment earnings - 7

forecast - 7

department - 7

record - 7

policy - 7

worker demographics - 7

classified - 7

classification - 7

subsidiary - 7

externality - 7

dispersion productivity - 7

businesses census - 7

census years - 7

surveys censuses - 7

rent - 7

census business - 7

employment measures - 7

opportunity - 7

census research - 7

factory - 7

empirical - 7

employment flows - 7

shareholder - 6

spending - 6

agriculture - 6

job growth - 6

outsourced - 6

gender - 6

pricing - 6

firms grow - 6

industry growth - 6

union - 6

quantity - 6

discrepancy - 6

autoregressive - 6

inflation - 6

rate - 6

ethnicity - 6

contract - 6

effects employment - 6

utilization - 6

emission - 6

measures productivity - 6

industry variation - 6

econometrically - 6

recession employment - 6

unemployment insurance - 6

rates productivity - 6

shipment - 6

exporting - 6

custom - 6

database - 6

startup firms - 6

segregation - 6

imputation - 6

supplier - 6

analysis productivity - 6

exogeneity - 6

employment recession - 6

economic statistics - 6

confidentiality - 6

firm growth - 6

producing - 6

growth firms - 6

owned businesses - 6

study - 6

restructuring - 6

agglomeration economies - 6

agglomeration - 6

capital - 6

employment effects - 5

household surveys - 5

productivity shocks - 5

benefit - 5

city - 5

immigration - 5

migrate - 5

migrating - 5

lender - 5

earnings age - 5

insured - 5

bank - 5

funding - 5

prices products - 5

good - 5

competitiveness - 5

migrant - 5

income data - 5

sectoral - 5

industry concentration - 5

analyst - 5

imported - 5

importer - 5

ethnic - 5

racial - 5

race - 5

medicare - 5

healthcare - 5

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industrial classification - 5

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epa - 5

productivity differences - 5

regulation productivity - 5

reporting - 5

workers earnings - 5

foreign - 5

regional economic - 5

associate - 5

trading - 5

downturn - 5

employment wages - 5

industry employment - 5

increase employment - 5

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innovative - 5

ssa - 5

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profitable - 5

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town - 4

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medicaid - 4

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tech - 4

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census use - 4

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firm dynamics - 4

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firms age - 3

urban - 3

risk - 3

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firms size - 3

banking - 3

renter - 3

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estimates production - 3

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1040 - 3

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latino - 3

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corp - 3

elasticity - 3

uninsured - 3

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Viewing papers 11 through 20 of 329


  • Working Paper

    Places versus People: The Ins and Outs of Labor Market Adjustment to Globalization

    December 2024

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-24-78

    We analyze the distinct adjustment paths of U.S. labor markets (places) and U.S. workers (people) to increased Chinese import competition during the 2000s. Using comprehensive register data for 2000'2019, we document that employment levels more than fully rebound in trade-exposed places after 2010, while employment-to-population ratios remain depressed and manufacturing employment further atrophies. The adjustment of places to trade shocks is generational: affected areas recover primarily by adding workers to non-manufacturing who were below working age when the shock occurred. Entrants are disproportionately native-born Hispanics, foreign-born immigrants, women, and the college-educated, who find employment in relatively low-wage service sectors like medical services, education, retail, and hospitality. Using the panel structure of the employer-employee data, we decompose changes in the employment composition of places into trade-induced shifts in the gross flows of people across sectors, locations, and non-employment status. Contrary to standard models, trade shocks reduce geographic mobility, with both in- and out-migration remaining depressed through 2019. The employment recovery instead stems almost entirely from young adults and foreign-born immigrants taking their first U.S. jobs in affected areas, with minimal contributions from cross-sector transitions of former manufacturing workers. Although worker inflows into non-manufacturing more than fully offset manufacturing employment losses in trade-exposed locations after 2010, incumbent workers neither fully recover earnings losses nor predominately exit the labor market, but rather age in place as communities undergo rapid demographic and industrial transitions.
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  • Working Paper

    Financing, Ownership, and Performance: A Novel, Longitudinal Firm-Level Database

    December 2024

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-24-73

    The Census Bureau's Longitudinal Business Database (LBD) underpins many studies of firm-level behavior. It tracks longitudinally all employers in the nonfarm private sector but lacks information about business financing and owner characteristics. We address this shortcoming by linking LBD observations to firm-level data drawn from several large Census Bureau surveys. The resulting Longitudinal Employer, Owner, and Financing (LEOF) database contains more than 3 million observations at the firm-year level with information about start-up financing, current financing, owner demographics, ownership structure, profitability, and owner aspirations ' all linked to annual firm-level employment data since the firm hired its first employee. Using the LEOF database, we document trends in owner demographics and financing patterns and investigate how these business characteristics relate to firm-level employment outcomes.
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  • Working Paper

    The China Shock Revisited: Job Reallocation and Industry Switching in U.S. Labor Markets

    October 2024

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-24-65

    Using confidential administrative data from the U.S. Census Bureau we revisit how the rise in Chinese import penetration has reshaped U.S. local labor markets. Local labor markets more exposed to the China shock experienced larger reallocation from manufacturing to services jobs. Most of this reallocation occurred within firms that simultaneously contracted manufacturing operations while expanding employment in services. Notably, about 40% of the manufacturing job loss effect is due to continuing establishments switching their primary activity from manufacturing to trade-related services such as research, management, and wholesale. The effects of Chinese import penetration vary by local labor market characteristics. In areas with high human capital, including much of the West Coast and large cities, job reallocation from manufacturing to services has been substantial. In areas with low human capital and a high initial manufacturing share, including much of the Midwest and the South, we find limited job reallocation. We estimate this differential response to the China shock accounts for half of the 1997-2007 job growth gap between these regions.
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  • Working Paper

    Socially Responsible Investment and Gender Equality in the United States Census

    August 2024

    Authors: Minsu Ko, Cynthia Yin

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-24-44

    With administrative data, we test whether institutional ownership with a social preference is related to employee-level gender equality. We show that the gender pay gap, which is an unexplained part of the lower wages of female employees, does not have a significant relation with socially responsible investments. Next, we show that female directorship strengthens the relation between socially responsible investments and the gender pay gap. When there are female directors, socially responsible investments have a robust correlation with a lower gender pay gap. This is because female directorship alleviates information asymmetry in gender equality.
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  • Working Paper

    Employer Dominance and Worker Earnings in Finance

    August 2024

    Authors: Wenting Ma

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-24-41

    Large firms in the U.S. financial system achieve substantial economic gains. Their dominance sets them apart while also raising concerns about the suppression of worker earnings. Utilizing administrative data, this study reveals that the largest financial firms pay workers an average of 30.2% more than their smallest counterparts, significantly exceeding the 7.9% disparity in nonfinance sectors. This positive size-earnings relationship is consistently more pronounced in finance, even during the 2008 crisis or compared to the hightech sector. Evidence suggests that large financial firms' excessive gains, coupled with their workers' sought-after skills, explain this distinct relationship.
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  • Working Paper

    Household Wealth and Entrepreneurial Career Choices: Evidence from Climate Disasters

    July 2024

    Authors: Xiao Cen

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-24-39

    This study investigates how household wealth affects the human capital of startups, based on U.S. Census individual-level employment data, deed records, and geographic information system (GIS) data. Using floods as a wealth shock, a regression discontinuity analysis shows inundated residents are 7% less likely to work in startups relative to their neighbors outside the flood boundary, within a 0.1-mile-wide band. The effect is more pronounced for homeowners, consistent with the wealth effect. The career distortion leads to a significant long-run income loss, highlighting the importance of self-insurance for human capital allocation.
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  • Working Paper

    Expanding the Frontier of Economic Statistics Using Big Data: A Case Study of Regional Employment

    July 2024

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-24-37

    Big data offers potentially enormous benefits for improving economic measurement, but it also presents challenges (e.g., lack of representativeness and instability), implying that their value is not always clear. We propose a framework for quantifying the usefulness of these data sources for specific applications, relative to existing official sources. We specifically weigh the potential benefits of additional granularity and timeliness, while examining the accuracy associated with any new or improved estimates, relative to comparable accuracy produced in existing official statistics. We apply the methodology to employment estimates using data from a payroll processor, considering both the improvement of existing state-level estimates, but also the production of new, more timely, county-level estimates. We find that incorporating payroll data can improve existing state-level estimates by 11% based on out-of-sample mean absolute error, although the improvement is considerably higher for smaller state-industry cells. We also produce new county-level estimates that could provide more timely granular estimates than previously available. We develop a novel test to determine if these new county-level estimates have errors consistent with official series. Given the level of granularity, we cannot reject the hypothesis that the new county estimates have an accuracy in line with official measures, implying an expansion of the existing frontier. We demonstrate the practical importance of these experimental estimates by investigating a hypothetical application during the COVID-19 pandemic, a period in which more timely and granular information could have assisted in implementing effective policies. Relative to existing estimates, we find that the alternative payroll data series could help identify areas of the country where employment was lagging. Moreover, we also demonstrate the value of a more timely series.
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  • Working Paper

    Contrasting the Local and National Demographic Incidence of Local Labor Demand Shocks

    July 2024

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-24-36

    This paper examines how spatial frictions that differ among heterogeneous workers and establishments shape the geographic and demographic incidence of alternative local labor demand shocks, with implications for the appropriate level of government at which to fund local economic initiatives. LEHD data featuring millions of job transitions facilitate estimation of a rich two-sided labor market assignment model. The model generates simulated forecasts of many alternative local demand shocks featuring different establishment compositions and local areas. Workers within 10 miles receive only 11.2% (6.6%) of nationwide welfare (employment) short-run gains, with at least 35.9% (62.0%) accruing to out-of-state workers, despite much larger per-worker impacts for the closest workers. Local incidence by demographic category is very sensitive to shock composition, but different shocks produce similar demographic incidence farther from the shock. Furthermore, the remaining heterogeneity in incidence at the state or national level can reverse patterns of heterogeneous demographic impacts at the local level. Overall, the results suggest that reduced-form approaches using distant locations as controls can produce accurate estimates of local shock impacts on local workers, but that the distribution of local impacts badly approximates shocks' statewide or national incidence.
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  • Working Paper

    After the Storm: How Emergency Liquidity Helps Small Businesses Following Natural Disasters

    April 2024

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-24-20

    Does emergency credit prevent long-term financial distress? We study the causal effects of government-provided recovery loans to small businesses following natural disasters. The rapid financial injection might enable viable firms to survive and grow or might hobble precarious firms with more risk and interest obligations. We show that the loans reduce exit and bankruptcy, increase employment and revenue, unlock private credit, and reduce delinquency. These effects, especially the crowding-in of private credit, appear to reflect resolving uncertainty about repair. We do not find capital reallocation away from neighboring firms and see some evidence of positive spillovers on local entry.
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  • Working Paper

    Accounting for Trade Patterns

    February 2024

    Working Paper Number:

    CES-24-07

    We develop a quantitative framework for decomposing trade patterns. We derive price indexes that determine comparative advantage and the aggregate cost of living. If firms and products are imperfect substitutes, we show that these price indexes depend on variety, average appeal (including quality), and the dispersion of appeal-adjusted prices. We show that they are only weakly related to standard empirical measures of average prices. We find that 40 percent of the cross-section variation in comparative advantage, and 90 percent of the time-series variation, is accounted for by variety and average appeal, with less than 10 percent attributed to average prices.
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