Papers Containing Tag(s): 'Social Security Number'
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Viewing papers 131 through 140 of 145
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Working PaperEstimating the "True" Cost of Job Loss: Evidence Using Matched Data from Califormia 1991-2000
June 2009
Working Paper Number:
CES-09-14
Estimates of the cost of job displacement from survey and administrative data differ markedly. This paper uses a unique match of data between the Displaced Worker Survey (DWS) and administrative wage records from California to examine the sources of this discrepancy. When we use similar estimation methods and account for measurement error in survey wages correlated with worker demographics, estimates of earnings losses at displacement are similar from both datasets and significantly larger than those based on the DWS alone. Also correcting for measurement errors in reported displacements suggests both sources of such estimates may yield lower bounds for the true cost of displacement.View Full Paper PDF
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Working PaperExploring Differences in Employment between Household and Establishment Data
April 2009
Working Paper Number:
CES-09-09
Using a large data set that links individual Current Population Survey (CPS) records to employer-reported administrative data, we document substantial discrepancies in basic measures of employment status that persist even after controlling for known definitional differences between the two data sources. We hypothesize that reporting discrepancies should be most prevalent for marginal workers and marginal jobs, and find systematic associations between the incidence of reporting discrepancies and observable person and job characteristics that are consistent with this hypothesis. The paper discusses the implications of the reported findings for both micro and macro labor market analysisView Full Paper PDF
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Working PaperHealth-Related Research Using Confidential U.S. Census Bureau Data
August 2008
Working Paper Number:
CES-08-21
Economic studies on health-related issues have the potential to benefit all Americans. The approaches for dealing with the growth of health care costs and health insurance coverage are ever changing and information is needed on their efficacy. Research on health-related topics has been conducted for about a decade at the Census Bureau\u2019s Center for Economic Studies and the Research Data Centers. This paper begins by describing the confidential business and demographic Census Bureau data products used in this research. The discussion continues with summaries of nearly 30 papers, including how this work has benefited the Census Bureau and its research findings. Some focus on data linkages and assessing data quality, while others address important questions in the employer, public, and individual insurance markets. This research could not have been accomplished with public-use data. The newly available data from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and National Center for Health Statistics, as well as additional Census Bureau data now available in the Research Data Centers are also discussed.View Full Paper PDF
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Working PaperSocial, Economic, Spatial, and Commuting Patterns of Informal Jobholders
April 2007
Working Paper Number:
tp-2007-02
A significant number of employees within the United States can be considered "informal" or "off-the-books" workers. These workers, who by definition do not appear in administrative wage records, are distinct from the larger group of private jobholders who do appear in administrative records. However, while socioeconomic and spatial information on these individuals is readily available in standard datasets, such as the 2000 Decennial Census Long Form, it is not possible to identify the informal workers by only using such data because of the lack of accurate, formal wage records. This study takes advantage of firm-based data that originates in Unemployment Insurance administrative wage records linked with the Census Bureau's household-based data in order to examine informal jobholders by their demographic characteristics as well as their economic, commuting, and spatial location outcomes. In addition this report evaluates whether informal jobholders should be included explicitly in future labor-workforce analyses and transportation modeling. The analyses in this report use the sample of workers who lived in Los Angeles County, California.View Full Paper PDF
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Working PaperMeasuring the Dynamics of Young and Small Businesses: Integrating the Employer and Nonemployer Universes
February 2006
Working Paper Number:
CES-06-04
We develop a preliminary version of an Integrated Longitudinal Business Database (ILBD) that combines administrative records and survey-based data for virtually all employer and nonemployer business units in the United States. In the process, we confront conceptual and practical issues that arise in measuring the importance and dynamic behavior of younger and smaller businesses. We also document some basic facts about younger and smaller businesses. In doing so, we exploit the ability of the ILBD to follow business transitions between employer and nonemployer status, and vice-versa. This aspect of the ILBD opens a new frontier for the study of business formation and the precursors to job creation in the U.S. economy.View Full Paper PDF
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Working PaperConfidentiality Protection in the Census Bureau Quarterly Workforce Indicators
February 2006
Working Paper Number:
tp-2006-02
The QuarterlyWorkforce Indicators are new estimates developed by the Census Bureau's Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics Program as a part of its Local Employment Dynamics partnership with 37 state Labor Market Information offices. These data provide detailed quarterly statistics on employment, accessions, layoffs, hires, separations, full-quarter employment (and related flows), job creations, job destructions, and earnings (for flow and stock categories of workers). The data are released for NAICS industries (and 4-digit SICs) at the county, workforce investment board, and metropolitan area levels of geography. The confidential microdata - unemployment insurance wage records, ES-202 establishment employment, and Title 13 demographic and economic information - are protected using a permanent multiplicative noise distortion factor. This factor distorts all input sums, counts, differences and ratios. The released statistics are analytically valid - measures are unbiased and time series properties are preserved. The confidentiality protection is manifested in the release of some statistics that are flagged as "significantly distorted to preserve confidentiality." These statistics differ from the undistorted statistics by a significant proportion. Even for the significantly distorted statistics, the data remain analytically valid for time series properties. The released data can be aggregated; however, published aggregates are less distorted than custom postrelease aggregates. In addition to the multiplicative noise distortion, confidentiality protection is provided by the estimation process for the QWIs, which multiply imputes all missing data (including missing establishment, given UI account, in the UI wage record data) and dynamically re-weights the establishment data to provide state-level comparability with the BLS's Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages.View Full Paper PDF
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Working PaperThe LEHD Infrastructure Files and the Creation of the Quarterly Workforce Indicators
January 2006
Working Paper Number:
tp-2006-01
The Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics (LEHD) Program at the U.S. Census Bureau, with the support of several national research agencies, has built a set of infrastructure files using administrative data provided by state agencies, enhanced with information from other administrative data sources, demographic and economic (business) surveys and censuses. The LEHD Infrastructure Files provide a detailed and comprehensive picture of workers, employers, and their interaction in the U.S. economy. Beginning in 2003 and building on this infrastructure, the Census Bureau has published the Quarterly Workforce Indicators (QWI), a new collection of data series that offers unprecedented detail on the local dynamics of labor markets. Despite the fine detail, confidentiality is maintained due to the application of state-of-the-art confidentiality protection methods. This article describes how the input files are compiled and combined to create the infrastructure files. We describe the multiple imputation methods used to impute in missing data and the statistical matching techniques used to combine and edit data when a direct identifier match requires improvement. Both of these innovations are crucial to the success of the final product. Finally, we pay special attention to the details of the confidentiality protection system used to protect the identity and micro data values of the underlying entities used to form the published estimates. We provide a brief description of public-use and restricted-access data files with pointers to further documentation for researchers interested in using these data.View Full Paper PDF
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Working PaperAre the Lasting Effects of Employee-Employer Separations induced by Layoff and Disability Similar? Exploring Job Displacement using Survey and Administrative Data
October 2005
Working Paper Number:
tp-2005-03
This paper integrates the existing literatures on displacement and health by examining the enduring effects of job dislocations that are induced by firm and individual shocks to employment. A joint estimation of hourly wage rates and weekly hours illuminates the disparities in these economic outcomes that exist between those who have reestablished themselves in the workplace subsequent to a layoff and those who have returned to work following the onset of a disability relative to those with uninterrupted job histories. As an extension of these ideas, employment transitions and workplace adjustments are modeled to capture spousal reactions to these shocks. Multiple indicators of health from the Survey of Income and Program Participation and Social Security Administrative benefits records are incorporated into the analyses of those with impairments that prompted job loss. These measures allow knowledge to be gleaned regarding the qualitative di'erences in the lasting impacts of job cessation resulting from medically diagnosed illnesses as compared to estimates uncovered using survey data sources alone. By considering time durations following these periods of separation in light of these indicators of well-being, a more comprehensive understanding of the long-run repercussions of employee-employer separation is acquired.View Full Paper PDF
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Working PaperUsing Administrative Earnings Records to Assess Wage Data Quality in the March Current Population Survey and the Survey of Income and Program Participation
November 2002
Working Paper Number:
tp-2002-22
The March Current Population Survey (CPS) and the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) produce different aggregates and distributions of annual wages. An excess of high wages and shortage of low wages occurs in the March CPS. SIPP shows the opposite, an excess of low wages and shortage of high wages. Exactly-matched Detailed Earnings Records (DER) from the Social Security Administration allow comparing March CPS and SIPP people's wages using data independent of the surveys. Findings include the following. March CPS and SIPP people differ little in their true wage characteristics. March CPS and SIPP represent a worker's percentile rank better than the dollar amount of wages. Workers with one job and low work effort have underestimated March CPS wages. March CPS has a higher level of "underground" wages than SIPP, and increasingly so in the 1990s. March CPS has a higher level of self-employment income "misclassified" as wages than SIPP, and increasingly so in the 1990s. These trends may explain one-third of March CPS's 6-percentage-point increase in aggregate wages relative to independent estimates from 1993 to 1995. Finally, the paper delineates March CPS occupations disproportionately likely to be absent from the administrative data entirely or to "misclassify" self-employment income as wages.View Full Paper PDF
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Working PaperThe Sensitivity of Economic Statistics to Coding Errors in Personal Identifiers
October 2002
Working Paper Number:
tp-2002-17
In this paper, we describe the sensitivity of small-cell flow statistics to coding errors in the identity of the underlying entities. Specifically, we present results based on a comparison of the U.S. Census Bureau's Quarterly Workforce Indicators (QWI) before and after correcting for such errors in SSN-based identifiers in the underlying individual wage records. The correction used involves a novel application of existing statistical matching techniques. It is found that even a very conservative correction procedure has a sizable impact on the statistics. The average bias ranges from 0.25 percent up to 15 percent for flow statistics, and up to 5 percent for payroll aggregates.View Full Paper PDF
